The Moors ruled in North Africa and in most of the Iberian peninsula for several decades.

The kingdom of Deira, lying between the North York Moors and the Humber, was ruled by a series of Oswiu's kinsmen, initially as a separate kingdom, later as a form of appanage for Oswiu's sons.

The noble 16 year old knight, who ruled over Castile justly and honourably, was born on the day of St Francis and died on Christmas Day in Toledo, during the war between the Moors and the kingdom's nobles, which finished in 1407.

( The Spaniards call the Sultan of Sulu's army as Moros, Spanish for " Moors ", the word Moor was in turn derived from Morocco a North African country adjacent to Spain, and peopled by Muslims which conquered and ruled Spain for 800 years )

Settlement in the region dates back to the Bronze Age, and has been colonised and ruled by many cultures such as the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Visigoths and Moors, before the Reconquista.

From this period on the King began self-styling himself as the " King of Portugal and the Algarve ", stressing the fact that the Algarve ( which had for so long been ruled by the Moors as a foreign country ) had been annexed into the dominion of the Portuguese.

The North African Islamic Moors established themselves in Spain in the early 8th century and the province of Almería came under the authority of the Caliphate of Damascus and was later ruled by the Umayyads of Córdoba.

The city has been linked to the Roman settlement of Colonia Augusta Gemella, and starting in the 8th century was ruled by the Moors under various Islamic states for over 500 years.

Muslim Moors had ruled much of the Iberian Peninsula since the first invasion in 711.

He achieved the independence of the southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia, the County of Portugal, from Galicia's overlord, the King of León, in 1139, establishing a new kingdom and doubling its area with the Reconquista, an objective that he pursued until his death, in 1185, after forty-six years of wars against the Moors.

Mosques have also been converted for use by other religions, notably in southern Spain, following the conquest of the Moors in 1492.

Currently, the festivals of moros y cristianos ( Castilian ), moros i cristians ( Catalan ), mouros e cristãos ( Portuguese ) and mouros e cristiáns ( Galician ), these meaning " Moors and Christians ", recreate the fights as colorful parades with elaborate garments and lots of fireworks, especially on the central and southern towns of the Land of Valencia, like Alcoi, Ontinyent or Villena.

* Jasmine, a key ingredient of many perfumes, was brought to southern France by the Moors in the 16th century.

His priority was the Reconquista, the reconquest of the southern Iberian Peninsula from the Moors.

It was awarded to William of Gellone, a grandson of Charles Martel and therefore a cousin of Charlemagne, around the year 800 for his services in the wars against the Moors and reconquering southern France and the Spanish March.

It lies to the north of the West Pennine Moors on the southern edge of the Ribble Valley, east of the city of Preston, north-northwest of the city of Manchester.

Lorca, known as the city of 100 Coat of Arms, is where the Moors and the Visigoths battled for control of the land ; initially they both controlled the land up to the border on the north including the city of Larcia while in later years, the Christians and the Moors controlled the city and the land up to the southern border.

She took on the responsibility of government, and occupied herself at first mainly with her southern lands, that had only recently been reconquered from the Moors as far as the Mondego River.

To the north of Pickering is the high moorland of the North York Moors, rising from above sea level at its southern edge to over on Urra Moor.

It lies at the southern edge of the West Pennine Moors with the M61 motorway close to the south and west.

Crusaders expanded to the Crusader states, parts of the Iberian Peninsula were reconquered from the Moors, and the Normans colonized southern Italy.

Moros y Cristianos () or Moros i Cristians () literally in English Moors and Christians, is a set of festival activities which are celebrated in many towns and cities of Spain, mainly in the southern Valencian Community ; according to popular tradition the festivals commemorate the battles, combats and fights between Moors ( or Muslims ) and Christians during the period known as Reconquista ( from the 8th century through the 15th century ).

In the 8th century the Moors conquered southern Spain and the region remained in their hands for over 800 years but it was in the last 150 years of that period that it became heavily populated as the Reconquista conquered all Muslim controlled lands in the mid 13th century, except the Emirate of Granada.

In 711, Arab ( Moors ) from the North of Africa invaded southern Spain.

Helmsley is situated on the southern boundary of the North York Moors National Park approximately above sea level.

* 1159-Évora and Beja, in the southern province of Alentejo, are taken from the Moors by the Portuguese.

** Évora and Beja, in the southern province of Alentejo, are taken from the Moors.

He also failed to address racial tension between southern Mauritanian Blacks and the northern Arab Moors, discriminating heavily in favour of the latter group, of which he was himself a member.

This species has only ever known from two areas in southern England, one around the River Stour and Moors River in east Dorset, where the species was recorded from 1820 to 1963, and the other on the River Tamar in Devon where the species was recorded in 1946 only.

During times of Portuguese colonization, Moors were persecuted, and many forced to retreat to the central highlands and the eastern coast.

Once he had expelled the Moors from the eastern valleys of Asturias, Pelayo attacked León, the main city in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula and secured the mountain passes, isolating the region from Moorish attack.

Filey is at the eastern end of the Cleveland Way a long-distance footpath ; this starts at Helmsley and skirts the North York Moors.

), Christians and Moors in Spain, vol.

Those, however, who with a view of going to Jerusalem or to Spain ( that is, against the Moors ) are known to have attached the cross to their garments and afterward removed it, we command in virtue of our Apostolic authority to replace it and begin the journey within a year from the coming Easter.

There are a number of theories of its origin, including as an Arab soup of bread, olive oil, water and garlic that arrived in Spain and Portugal with the Moors, or via the Romans with the addition of vinegar.

The monarchs oversaw the final stages of the Reconquista of Iberian territory from the Moors with the conquest of Granada, conquered the Canary Islands, and expelled the Jews and Muslims from Spain under the Alhambra decree.

Rising inflation, financially draining wars in Europe, the ongoing aftermath of the expulsion of the Jews and Moors from Spain, and Spain's growing dependency on the gold and silver imports, combined to cause several bankruptcies that caused economic crisis in the country, especially in heavily burdened Castile.

As early as the 6th century, the Bulgars brought the short-necked variety of the instrument called Komuz to the Balkans, and in the 9th century, Moors brought the Oud to Spain.

The plucked family led to lute-like instruments in 2000 BC Mesopotamia, and developed into the oud or ud before appearing in Spain, first documented around 711 AD, courtesy of the Moors.

* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo, Spain back from the Moors.

Mosques in Sicily and Spain do not primarily reflect the architecture of Visigothic predecessors, but instead reflect the architecture introduced by the Muslim Moors.

Upon the Spaniards ' arrival to the Philippines, they were dismayed to find such a strong Muslim presence on the island, having just expelled the Moors from Spain after centuries of fighting.

" Also in the same year, Alexander called for a crusade against the Moors in Spain.

Honorius also wished to promote the ongoing struggle against the Moors in Spain, and to that end he bestowed the city of Tarragona, which had been recently captured off the Moors, to Robert d ' Aguiló.

The legend, which included numerous miraculous events, enabled the Catholic faithful to not only maintain their stronghold in northern Spain during the Christian crusades against the Moors, but also led to the growth and development of the city.

Timbrel or tabret ( the tof of the ancient Hebrews, the deff of Islam, the adufe of the Moors of Spain ), the principal musical instrument of percussion of the Israelites, similar to the modern tambourine.

They are not the mild Mohammedans of India, nor the chivalrous Saladins of Syria, nor the cultured Moors of Spain.

* Charlemagne fights the Moors in Spain.

* Northern African Moors invade what is now Spain.

In Spain, the Reconquista continued as several important cities were recaptured from the Moors.

* 1263 – King James I of Aragon conquers Crevillente, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista.

* 1264 – In Spain, King James I of Aragon reconquers the cities of Orihuela in Alicante and Elx in Valencia from the Moors, ending over 500 years of Islamic rule.

* 1265 – King Alfonso X of Castile captures the city of Alicante, Spain from the Moors during the Reconquista.

In 711, the Moors, after the Umayyad conquest of Hispania, conquered large parts of the Iberian Peninsula, thus establishing Al-Andalus ( Moorish Spain ).