The Mozarabic Chronicle of 754, a Latin contemporary source which describes the battle in greater detail than any other Latin or Arabic source, states that " the people of Austrasia Frankish forces, greater in number of soldiers and formidably armed, killed the king, Abd ar-Rahman ", which agrees with many Arab and Muslim historians.

The slaughter of Christians at the Battle of the River Garonne was evidently horrific ; the Mozarabic Chronicle of 754 commented, "", (" God alone knows the number of the slain ").

The Mozarabic Chronicle of 754 says:

Western historians, beginning with the Mozarabic Chronicle of 754, stressed the macrohistorical impact of the battle, as did the Continuations of Fredegar.

The primary source for the battle is the Mozarabic Chronicle, which was written shortly after 754 probably in the vicinity of Toledo.

This account, more rich in detail than the Mozarabic Chronicle, is at odds with not only the later Latin histories, but also the later Arabic ones: the anonymous compilation called the Akhbar Majmu ' ah, the late tenth-century work of Ibn al-Qūṭiyya (" the son descendant of the Goth Wittiza "), the eleventh-century historian Ibn Hayyān, the thirteenth-century Complete History of Ibn al-Athir, the fourteenth-century history of Ibn Khaldūn, or the early modern work of al-Maqqarī.

Among modern Anglo-American historians, Roger Collins, R. A. Fletcher, E. A. Thompson, and Kenneth Baxter Wolf are sceptical of the Arabic sources and rely more on the Mozarabic Chronicle.

According to the Mozarabic Chronicle, Mūsā crossed the Gaditanum fretum ( strait of Cádiz ) with a large force in 711 and remained in Hispania for fifteen months, but it is unclear from the sources if he came before or after the battle of Guadalete, which was fought by the forces of his subordinates.

By another text from the Mozarabic Chronicle the treachery can be placed at Roderic's feet.

The author of the Mozarabic Chronicle caustically notes that he was " an hireling, and not the shepherd " ( quoting Jesus, Gospel of John 10: 12 ).

After the manner of the time, an ordeal, which reminds one of the celebrated trials by fire and by battle in the case of Alfonso VI and the Mozarabic Rite, was determined on.

The liturgies of the patriarchal cities in particular had greater influence on their regions so that by the 5th century it becomes possible to distinguish among several families of liturgies, in particular the Jerusalem, Alexandrian, Antiochene, Byzantine, and Syrian families in the East, and in the Latin West, the African ( completely lost ), Gallican, Celtic, Ambrosian, Roman, and Hispanic ( Mozarabic ) families.

The presence of a very definite Post-Sanctus of undoubted Hispano-Gallican form in the Ambrosian Mass of Easter Eve requires more explanation than it has received, and the whole question of provenance is further complicated by a theory, into which Ceriani does not enter, of a Roman origin of all the Latin liturgies, Gallican, Celtic, Mozarabic, and Ambrosian alike.

Unlike most Romance languages, Mozarabic was primarily written in the Arabic rather than the Latin script, though it was also written in Latin and to a lesser extent in the Hebrew alphabet.

The phonology of Mozarabic is more archaic than the other Romance languages in Spain, fitting with the general idea that language varieties in more isolated or peripheral areas act as " islands of conservatism ".

However, the Mozarabic language of the Jarchas appears to be a separate Romance language whose evolution from Vulgar Latin paralleled that of Castilian Spanish rather than deriving from or fusing into the latter.

The Mozarabic Rite is longer in duration than that of the Roman Rite.

The Mozarabic Rite may have emphasized the Blessed Virgin Mary's role even more than did the liturgy of Rome.

# The Great Entrance and Offertory .-- It seems appropriate to give the Byzantine name to this ceremony, for, according to St. Germanus's description, it resembled the Great Entrance of that rite rather than anything which is now found in either the Roman or the Mozarabic of today, or in the Celtic Rite ; and the Procession of the Vecchioni at Milan is altogether a different matter.

The Mozarabic has only a collect which is variable, but with a smaller selection than the other prayers.

Henry Jenner comments in the Catholic Encyclopedia: " No one who has seen a Mozarabic manuscript with its extraordinarily solid vellum, will adopt any hypothesis of Divine Interposition here.

Nothing is said of any Praeparatio Sacerdotis, but there is one given in the Stowe Missal ; and the Irish tracts describe a preliminary preparation of the Chalice, as does also the Mozarabic Missal.

Nothing is said about Alleluia preceding the Gospel, nor is there any in the Mozarabic Rite.

# The Sanctus .-- The Gallican wording is not found, but there is no reason to suspect any variations unless the Mozarabic " gloria majestatis tuae " was also Gallican.

Even putting aside the many Eastern rites in use, the Latin liturgical rites alone include the Ambrosian Rite, the Mozarabic Rite, and the Cistercian Rite, as well as other forms that have been largely abandoned in favour of adopting the Roman Rite.

This is confirmed by the implicit approval of St. Gregory the Great and by well attested facts ; in the East, for example, Hilarion, Ephrem, and other confessors were publicly honoured in the fourth century ; and, in the West, St. Martin of Tours, as is gathered plainly from the oldest Breviaries and the Mozarabic Missal, and St. Hilary of Poitiers, as can be shown from the very ancient Mass-book known as " Missale Francorum ", were objects of a like cultus in the same century.

In response to the encouragement given by the Second Vatican Council in Sacrosanctum Concilium, 3-4 to renew other rites as well as the Roman, the Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo Marcelo González Martín set up a commission to revise the liturgical books of the Mozarabic rite.

Extensive use is made of responsories between the celebrant ( priest ) and faithful during the Mozarabic Mass, including during the Confiteor ( prayer of confession of guilt for sin ), which is quite different from that in the Roman Rite ( Tridentine or post-Tridentine ); though much of the preparatory prayers and other elements in the old Missal were borrowed from a Romano-Toledan Missal and is not originally part of the rite.

Modern Portuguese still has a large number of words of Arabic origin ( many were absorbed indirectly through Mozarabic ) especially relating to food, agriculture and the crafts, which have no cognates in other Romance languages except in Spanish.

The Mozarabic has for 29 December " Sanctus Jacobus Frater Domini ", but that is the other St. James ); Holy Innocents ; Circumcision ; St. Genevieve ( Luxeuil Lectionary only.

* King Alfonso VI of León and Castile establishes Latin liturgy in the Catholic Church in place of the Mozarabic Rite.

The style of Spanish popular songs of the time is presumed to have been heavily influenced by Moorish music, especially in the south, but as much of the country still spoke various Latin dialects while under Moorish rule ( known today as Mozarabic ) earlier musical folk styles from the pre-Islamic period continued in the countryside where most of the population lived, in just the same way as the Mozarabic Chant continued to flourish in the churches.

Thus, the term Latin rite can refer either to the Latin Church or to one or more of the Latin liturgical rites, which include the majority Roman Rite, but also the Ambrosian Rite, the Mozarabic Rite, and others.

Mozarabic descends from Late Latin and early Romance dialects spoken in the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries, and was spoken until the 14th century.

Mozarabs themselves never called their own language " Mozarabic " but instead by a word that meant " Latin " ( i. e. Romance language ).

The Mozarabic, Visigothic, or Hispanic Rite is a form of Catholic worship within the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church, and in the Spanish Reformed Episcopal Church ( Anglican ).

The Mozarabic Rite is the second-best attested liturgy in the Latin Church in terms of preserved documentation.

* The current mass book of the Mozarabic rite in Spanish and Latin.

* Missale Mixtum secundum regulam Beati Isidori dictum Mozarabes ‎ Another link The Mozarabic Missal before its revision ( in Latin )

* Missale Mixtum secundum regulam Beati Isidori dictum Mozarabes ‎ Another link The Mozarabic Missal before its revision ( in Latin )

* Rubricas Generales de la Missa Gothica-Muzarabe y el Omnium Offerentium The Rubrics of the pre-revision Mozarabic Missal, edited by Francisco Jacobo Hernandez de Viera and published 1772 ( in Spanish and Latin )

* ( ritus ) Toletanus. ru Liturgical books, studies and articles, Mozarabic Calendar, Mozarabic chant ( in Russian, Latin etc.