There was speculation at the time, however, that the NSA has deliberately reduced the key size from the original value of 112 bits ( in IBM's Lucifer cipher ) or 64 bits ( in one of the versions of what was adopted as DES ) so as to limit the strength of encryption available to non-US users.

The NSA has major computing resources and a large budget ; some thought that 56 bits was NSA-breakable in the late ' 70s.

For algorithms that NSA has participated in the development of, see NSA cryptography.

NSA has been trying to replace this method with a more secure electronic key management system ( EKMS ), but paper tape is apparently still being employed.

This account, however, has come into sharp dispute with an internal NSA historical study which stated on page 17:

Re-enfranchisement of intelligence officers since World War II to minimize national security concerns has been major source of Executive Branch support for moving intelligence agency headquarters such as the CIA, NSA, NRO, CSS, and NIMA headquarters to neighboring counties with voting rights.

It has been repeatedly alleged that in 1997 the United States National Security Agency ( NSA ) had backdoored the export version of Lotus Notes, but this is a mis-characterization of what actually happened.

ARDA itself has been shifted from the NSA to the Disruptive Technology Office ( run by to the Director of National Intelligence ).

Friedman has been inducted into the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame and there is a building named after William and Elizebeth at the NSA complex at Fort George G. Meade in Maryland.

Wayne Madsen, who had been a communications security analyst with the NSA in the mid-1980s, has been quoted as saying that he believes the memo is authentic.

On June 29, 2006, a press release for AT & T stated, " The U. S. Department of Justice has stated that AT & T may neither confirm nor deny AT & T's participation in the alleged NSA program because doing so would cause ' exceptionally grave harm to national security ' and would violate both civil and criminal statutes.

Whilst the academic study of trust relationships and systems has long been the forte of intelligence services such as the NSA, the growth of the Internet in the 1990s and the contemporary declassification of related knowledge allowed for greater public discussion of the potential for anonymous banking services by groups such as the cryptoanarchists and cypherpunks.

Microsoft denied that the NSA has access to the _NSAKEY secret key.

Thus the NSA has effectively removed export control of " strong " crypto from Windows.

She manages, however, to retrieve the rest of the data, revealing to the NSA that Nikoladze has secretly been waging an on-going ethnic-cleansing campaign in Azerbaijan.

The NSA notices that a Georgian military cell that has been stationed on an oil rig in the Caspian Sea has been exchanging data with the Georgian Presidential Palace, suggesting it to be of some importance ; and thus Fisher is sent to retrieve the data.

Using the encryption key, the NSA discovers that Nikoladze has been using a network of unconventional relays to communicate with the Georgian military cells.

Their concern was well-founded: subsequent history has shown not only that NSA actively intervened with IBM and NBS to shorten the key size, but also that the short key size enabled exactly the kind of massively parallel key crackers that Hellman and Diffie sketched out, which when ultimately built outside the classified world, made it clear that DES was insecure and obsolete.

Their concern was well-founded: subsequent history has shown not only that NSA actively intervened with IBM and NBS to shorten the key size, but also that the short key size enabled exactly the kind of massively parallel key crackers that Hellman and Diffie sketched out.

According to a 1965 NSA report, " RYE has made it possible for the agency to locate many more potentially exploitable cryptographic systems and ` bust ' situations.

Marshall has also discovered how hard it is to lie to those he loves, having to keep his job at APO a secret even from his wife ( who appears to no longer be working for the NSA by the fourth season ).

According to author Steven Levy, IBM had discovered differential cryptanalysis on its own, and the NSA was apparently well aware of the technique.

According to its website, the US National Security Agency ( NSA ) is " a high technology organization ... on the frontiers of communications and data processing ".

The NSA report remains classified, possibly to spare the blushes of its authors.

The organization's website says NSA provides " resources and education designed to advance the skills, integrity, and values of its members and the speaking profession ".

In July 1995 the U. S. 5th Fleet was established in the Persian Gulf with its headquarters at NSA Bahrain in Manama.

This is because of its location near Fort George G. Meade, NSA headquarters, and its proximity to Baltimore, Washington, D. C., and Annapolis.

One countermeasure is to burn or thoroughly crosscut shred discarded printed plaintexts or storage media ; NSA is infamous for its disposal security precautions.

Moreover, according to declassified documents released by the National Security Archive ( NSA ) in December 2001, USA gave its agreement to Indonesia for the invasion.

On January 31, 2006 the Center for Public Integrity published a story on its website that claimed that this proposed legislation undercut the Bush administration's legal rationale of its NSA wiretapping program.

" BellSouth, which announced its merger with AT & T on March 5, denies releasing any records to the NSA and requested the newspaper retract claims in its story asserting BellSouth " provided phone records of its customers to NSA.

The initial analysis done by the NSA in 1953 did not absolutely conclude that it was a hand cipher, but its placement in a hollowed out 5c coin implied it could be broken by pencil and paper.

Although certainly not as complex or secure as modern computer operated stream ciphers or block ciphers, in practice messages protected by it resisted all attempts at cryptanalysis by at least NSA from its discovery in 1953 until Häyhänen's defection in 1957.

The NRO works closely with its intelligence and space partners, which include the National Security Agency ( NSA ), the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency ( NGA ), the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ), the Defense Intelligence Agency ( DIA ), the United States Strategic Command, Naval Research Laboratory and other agencies and organizations.

The book caused serious concern at the NSA despite its lack of coverage of specific modern cryptographic practice, so much so that after failing to prevent the book being published, NSA staff were informed to not even acknowledge the existence of the book if asked.

The second is also about NSA but concentrates more on its history.

Rowlett differed with General Ralph J. Canine, the first director of NSA, over personnel movements, including his own.

However, he has managed to leave a letter detailing Kudrow's crimes, which his girlfriend, NSA analyst Emily Lang ( Carrie Preston ) takes to the FBI and Jordan discreetly arranges for her to meet with Jeffries to show them both the carbon paper used to type the letter, which, being covered in Pedranski's fingerprints is crucial evidence in its own right.

According to security expert Bruce Schneier the book was popular within the NSA itself, because " the agency's secrecy prevents its employees from knowing much about their own history ".

While few would argue with the need for the government to access its own internal communications, the NSA Clipper chip proposal to extend this key escrow requirement to public use of cryptography was highly controversial.

A National Spiritual Assembly ( NSA ) normally represents a country, although sometimes regions are assigned their own NSA ( e. g. Alaska ).