In 1954, it was renamed as Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem.

With luxuriant vegetation, lawns, hills and lakes, Nanjing Botanical Garden is a center for botanical research and science education, as well as a popular recreational attraction.

Nanjing Botanical Garden has set up an exchange program of seeds, plants, specimens and books with over six hundred organizations of more than sixty countries worldwide.

* Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem.

* Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem.

* Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem.

# REDIRECT Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen

A tea house in Nanjing Presidential Palace Garden

* Grigg Nanjing Friendship Chinese Garden ( 1995 )-Designed by architect Yong Pan ; major features were gifts from sister city Nanjing, and include a moon gate, lotus gate, pavilion, and Chinese scholar's rocks from Tai Hu.

The university is located in Ma ’ anshan city Anhui Province, which has been granted with many national titles “ A National Garden City ”, “ Top Quality Environment City ”, “ National Tourism City ” and “ A Flower alongside South Bank of Yangtz River ” and with half an hour ’ s drive to Nanjing, “ Capital City for Six Dynasties in Ancient China ” and 4 hours ’ drive to Shanghai all by expressway.

* Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall

Other structures include Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Sun Yat-sen subway station, Sun Yat-sen house in Nanjing, Dr. Sun Yat-sen Museum in Hong Kong, Chung-Shan Building in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei.

The Memorial Cemetery to Anti-Japanese Aviator Martyrs in Nanjing, China features a wall listing the names of Flying Tiger pilots and other pilots who defended China in World War II, and has several unmarked graves for such American pilots.

::* Nanjing John Rabe and International Safety Zone Memorial Hall

The efforts of George C. Marshall and Stuart to mediate between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party are commemorated in the Zhou Enlai / Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall in Nanjing.

In 1927, when he was setting up the Nationalist government in Nanjing, he was preoccupied with " the elevation of our leader Dr. Sun Yat-sen to the rank of ' Father of our Chinese Republic '.

Upon reaching Beijing, Chiang paid homage to Sun Yat-sen and had his body moved to the new capital of Nanjing to be enshrined in a grand mausoleum.

The Wuchang Uprising succeeded on October 10, 1911, which led to the creation of the new central government, the Republic of China, in Nanjing with Sun Yat-sen as its provisional head.

The first national government of the Chinese Republic was established on 1 January 1912, in Nanjing, with Sun Yat-sen as the provisional president.

The Communist Party of China ( CCP ), founded in 1921 by Chen Duxiu with Soviet support, initially collaborated with the Chinese Nationalist Party or Kuomintang ( KMT ), founded by the revolutionary republican Sun Yat-sen. After the unexpected death of Sun in March 1925, a power struggle within the KMT favored Chiang Kai-shek, whose Northern Expedition forces succeeded in wresting control of large areas of China from local warlords, establishing a unified government in Nanjing in April 1927.

Sun Quan was buried in a mausoleum at Purple Mountain in present-day Nanjing.

Sun agreed to Yuan's presidency after some internal bickering, but asked that the capital be situated in Nanjing.

Following the Chinese victory in the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Nationalist Government under Chiang Kai-shek was restored in Nanjing and the KMT set out to enact a liberal democratic Constitution in line with the last stage of Sun Yat-sen's three stages of national development.

On 1 June 1929, Sun's remains were relocated from Beijing and buried in Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing.

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing at 1 May 2011

In 1981 Lily Sun took a trip to Sun Yat-sen mausoleum in Nanjing, People's Republic of China.

Wang was buried in Nanjing near the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, in an elaborately-constructed tomb.

He then visited Nanjing, the former capital of the Republic of China, where he visited the tomb of ROC founder Sun Yat-sen. After a brief visit to Shanghai, Soong made an emotional return to his ancestral home in Hunan province.

Soong returned to China in June 1929 when Sun Yat-sen was moved from his temporary resting place in Beijing to a new memorial in Nanjing, but she left again three months later, and did not return until July 1931, when her mother died.

On January 1, 1912, Sun officially declared the establishment of the Republic of China and was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President.

After this, Zhou Yu followed Sun Ce across the Yangtze River and conquered Huji ( 湖孰 ; present-day Husu, Jiangning, Jiangsu ), Jiangcheng ( 江乘 ; near present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu ), and Qu ' e ( 曲阿 ; present-day Situ Town, Jiangsu ).

The area's strongest opponent, the Inspector of Yang Province, Liu Yao, fled from Moling ( 秣陵 ; near present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu ) because Sun Ce's forces had been bolstered by local peasant forces numbering several tens of thousands.

Late in 399, Sun En, seeing how the only province remaining under Jin imperial government's actual control — Yang Province ( 揚州, modern Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu ) -- had been mismanaged by Sima Yuanxian, launched a major attack from Zhoushan Island, briefly taking over nearly all of Yang Province and advancing on the capital Jiankang ( modern Nanjing, Jiangsu ).

The Gate of China in Nanjing (), was a gate and defensive complex on the city wall of Nanjing, China.

The Nanking Incident, or Nanjing Incident, (), occurred in March 1927 during the capture of Nanjing by the National Revolutionary Army ( NRA ) in their Northern Expedition.

Informally it was known as the Wang Jingwei regime (), the Nanjing Nationalist Government (), the Republic of China-Nanjing, the Nanjing regime, or New China.

Now with an established national government in Nanjing, and supported by conservative allies including Hu Hanmin, Chiang's expulsion of the Communists and their Soviet advisers led to the beginning of the Chinese Civil War.

The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe ( proto-Mongol people ) is politically separated from the Chinese dynasties established in Jiankang ( modern Nanjing ).

) was founded in mainland China by the victorious communists ; several months before, Chiang Kai-shek had established a provisional ROC capital in Taipei and moved his government there from Nanjing.

This form of government under the KMT lasted through the Northern Expedition, which moved the capital to Nanjing and gave the Nationalist Government domestic control and foreign recognition, and the Second Sino-Japanese War, during which the Japanese established puppet Nationalist Governments with almost the identical organizational structure, until the promulgation of a new Constitution in 1947.

* Reformed Government of the Republic of China-First regime established in Nanjing after the Battle of Nanjing.

What a formal declaration of independence would consist of is not clear and can be confusing given the fact that the People's Republic of China has never controlled Taiwan since its founding and the fact that the Republic of China, whose government controls Taiwan, is still a sovereign state as established at Nanjing in 1911, but its territory is limited to the province of Taiwan, Penghu, a part of the Nansha Islands and Diaoyutai island.

In 1927 Wuhan became the seat of a government established by left-wing elements of the Kuomintang, led by Wang Jingwei ; this government was later merged into Chiang Kai-shek's government in Nanjing.

In January 1, 1912, the Republic of China was established in Nanjing.

With his seizure of the Yuan capital ( present-day Beijing ), he claimed the Mandate of Heaven and established the Ming Dynasty in 1368. Most of the historical sites related to Zhu Yuanzhang are located in Nanjing, the capital of his dynasty.

As northern nomadic groups established kingdoms across the north, ethnic Han Chinese aristocracy fled southwards and set up a refugee Eastern Jin Dynasty in 317, in Jiankang ( modern day Nanjing ).

The Ming Dynasty, which was established in 1368 after driving out the Mongols who had occupied China, initially put its capital in Nanjing.

South Jiangsu also figures strongly in the Taiping Rebellion ( 18511864 ), a massive and deadly rebellion that attempted to set up a Christian theocracy in China ; it started far to the south in Guangdong province, swept through much of South China, and by 1853 had established Nanjing as its capital, renamed as Tianjing ( 天京 " Heavenly Capital ").

Jiangsu changed hands several times, but in April 1927 Chiang Kai-Shek established a government at Nanjing ; he was soon able to bring most of China under his control.

Chiang, however, subsequently established his own capital in Nanjing.

Chiang, whose Northern Expedition was proving successful, set his forces to destroying the Shanghai CCP apparatus and established an anti-Communist government at Nanjing in April 1927-bloody events.

In March 1996, Sawara established sister city relations with Nanjing in China.

In 1946, Chang, representing the national government, was a member of the Committee of Three along with General George C. Marshall, then head of the U. S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Chinese Communist Party representative Zhou Enlai ( 周恩來 ), which had been established in Nanjing in January, 1946 to effect a Kuomingtang-Chinese Communist Party truce and head off civil war.

He was governor-general of Chili and commissioner for the northern ports, and he controlled the Anhwei Army, which was supplied by arsenals that he had established at Tianjin, Nanjing and Shanghai ; thus he had substantial provincial revenues at his disposal.

Several Australian high schools have established experiental education programmes, including Caulfield Grammar School's five-week internationalism programme in Nanjing, China and Geelong Grammar School's Timbertop outdoor education programme.

The Institute of Jewish Studies was established at Nanjing University in 1992.

Detailed knowledge about the state and development of Chinese martial arts becomes available from the Nanjing decade ( 1928 – 1937 ), as the Central Guoshu Institute established by the Kuomintang regime made an effort to compile an encyclopedic survey of martial arts schools.

In 1928 the name was changed to " guoshu " 国术 or " national arts " when the National Martial Arts Academy was established in Nanjing.

In 1933, three military zones, Nanjing, Nanjing-Hangzhou, and Nanjing-Shanghai, were established to coordinate defenses in the Yangtze Delta.