It is a unique narrative that effectively links the domination of the soul to contemporaneous advances in the field of Egyptology such as the 1894 excavation of the Narmer Palette, an ancient artifact used for situating the rebus within hermeneutics.

* c. 3100 BC — Narmer Palette

The Narmer Palette shows a king swinging a mace.

Horus may be shown as a falcon on the Narmer Palette dating from the time of unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.

Egyptologists have also identified the legendary Menes with the historical Narmer, who is represented in the Palette of Narmer conquering the Nile delta in Lower Egypt and establishing himself as pharaoh.

* Narmer Palette

Hathor may be the cow goddess who is depicted from an early date on the Narmer Palette and on a stone urn dating from the 1st dynasty that suggests a role as sky-goddess and a relationship to Horus who, as a sun god, is " housed " in her.

Cow deities appear on the Kings belt and the top of the Narmer Palette

A cow deity appears on the belt of the King on the Narmer Palette dated to the pre-dynastic era, and this may be Hathor or, in another guise, the goddess Bat with whom she is linked and later supplanted.

Hathor's identity as a cow, perhaps depicted as such on the Narmer Palette, meant that she became identified with another ancient cow-goddess of fertility, Bat.

Similar image of a bull on the bottom of the obverse of the Narmer Palette from the Predynastic Period of Egypt | Predynastic period

Front and Back Sides of Narmer Palette, this facsimile on display at the Royal Ontario Museum, in Toronto, Canada.

The Palette depicts Narmer unifying Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt

His name is known primarily from the famous Narmer Palette, whose scenes have been interpreted as the act of uniting Upper and Lower Egypt.

The famous Narmer Palette, discovered in 1898 in Hierakonpolis, shows Narmer displaying the insignia of both Upper and Lower Egypt, giving rise to the theory that he unified the two kingdoms in c. 3100 BC.

Image: Narmer-Tjet2. JPG | Narmer wearing the Deshret crown of Lower Egypt on the Narmer Palette.

* Narmer Palette

" What is Really Known About the Narmer Palette?

* The Narmer Palette is discovered in Hierakonpolis, Egypt.

Obverse and reverse | Reverse and obverse sides of Narmer Palette, this facsimile on display at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada

The Narmer Palette, also known as the Great Hierakonopolis Palette or the Palette of Narmer, is a significant Egyptian archeological find, dating from about the 31st century BC, containing some of the earliest hieroglyphic inscriptions ever found.

* c. 3100 BC: Narmer ( Menes ) unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country ; he rules this new country from Memphis.

In 1930, British anthropologist Sir Flinders Petrie, along with a team of archaeologists, discovered various primitive bowling balls, bowling pins and other materials in the grave of an Egyptian boy dating to 3200 B. C., which was over 5200 years ago, very shortly before the reign of Narmer, one of the very first Egyptian pharaohs.

Along with the Scorpion Macehead and the Narmer Maceheads, also found together in the Main Deposit at Hierakonopolis, the Narmer Palette provides one of the earliest known depictions of an Egyptian king.

The Narmer Palette resides in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo and is one of the initial exhibits which visitors have been able to see when entering the museum.

Narmer and Menes may have been one pharaoh, referred to with more than one name.

They still used the same robes as before, a thin mantle of antelope hide, dyed and printed, crossing one of their shoulders and coming down until mid calf length to make an open robe over a loincloth with an adorned phallus sheath, being the only exception of the new addition of a kilt above the knees and an animal tail in the Egyptian manner of king Narmer and the phallus adornment over it.

Like the Narmer Palette from Egypt, it is one of the earliest surviving works of narrative relief sculpture, dated to c. 3, 200 – 3000 BC.

Indeed, Narmer is the earliest recorded king of the First Dynasty: he appears first on the king lists of Den and Qa ' a.

Narmer is also the earliest king associated to the symbols of power over the two lands ( see in particular the Narmer palette, a votive cosmetic palette showing Narmer wearing the crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt ) and may therefore be the first king to achieve the unification.

During the summer of 1994, excavators from the Nahal Tillah expedition, in southern Israel, discovered an incised ceramic shard ( ostracon ) with the serekh sign of Narmer, the same individual whose ceremonial slate palette was found by James E. Quibell in Upper Egypt.

The Narmer Palette is a, shield-shaped, ceremonial palette, carved from a single piece of flat, soft dark gray-green siltstone.

The Egyptians have depicted the fish in their mural paintings and elsewhere ; the first known depiction of an electric catfish is on the slate palette of the pre-dynastic Egyptian ruler Narmer, about 3100 BC.

In the " principal deposit " of the temple of Nekhen they found important ceremonial Protodynastic artifacts such as the Narmer Palette and the famous macehead bearing the name of King Scorpion.

Although it was rare for Bat to be clearly depicted in painting or sculpture, some notable artifacts ( like the upper portions of the Narmer Palette ) include depictions of the goddess in bovine form.

Some Egyptologists hold that Menes is the same person as Hor-Aha and that he inherited an already-unified Egypt from Narmer ; others hold that Narmer began the process of unification but either did not succeed or succeeded only partially, leaving it to Menes to complete.

Image: MudJarSealing-EstateOfNarmer_MetropolitanMuseum. png | A mud jar sealing indicating that the contents came from the estate of the pharaoh Narmer.

This was already established by the Narmer Palette from about the 31st century BC, and remained in use until at least the conquest by Alexander the Great some 3, 000 years later.

Regardless, considerable historical evidence from the period points to Narmer as the pharaoh who first unified Egypt ( see Narmer Palette ) and to Hor-Aha as his son and heir.

This appears as early as the Narmer Palette from Dynasty I, but there as elsewhere the convention is not used for minor figures shown engaged in some activity, such as the captives and corpses.

ISBN 0-500-28628-0 </ ref > The name " Scorpion " is derived from the image of a scorpion that appears immediately in front of his face that may represent the scorpion goddess Serket, just below a flower with seven petals ; the use and placement of the iconography is similar to the depiction of the pharaoh Narmer on the obverse side of the Narmer Palette.

* Narmer Palette ( a comparable contemporary work of narrative relief sculpture from the Ancient Egyptian civilisation ).

The reason for that is unknown, but all kings from Narmer up to king Den are also missing their throne names.