Although the Nationalists had an advantage in numbers of men and weapons, initially controlled a much larger territory and population than their adversaries, and enjoyed considerable international support, they were exhausted by the long war with Japan and the attendant internal responsibilities.

After the Nationalists were heavily defeated in the ensuing election, Hughes initially supported the Labor government of James Scullin.

* During the Spanish Civil War, the Nationalists initially had a temporary capital at Burgos ; once the Nationalists started to besiege Madrid, the Republicans maintained temporary capitals first at Valencia then at Barcelona and finally it returned to Valencia when Barcelona fell to the nationalist advance.

Nationalists staged large-scale demonstrations in Cairo in 1919, five years after Egypt had been declared a British protectorate.

For over a year after the Japanese surrender, rumors circulated throughout China that the Japanese had entered into a secret agreement with Chiang, in which the Japanese would assist the Nationalists in fighting the Communists in exchange for the protection of Japanese persons and property there.

Many top nationalist generals, including Chiang, had studied and trained in Japan before the Nationalists had returned to the mainland in the 1920s, and maintained close personal friendships with top Japanese officers.

The war had severely weakened the Nationalists, while the Communists were strengthened by their popular land-reform policies, and by a rural population that supported and trusted them.

From the early 1930s the Japanese had been at war against both the Chinese Nationalists and the Russians in China, and used the experience to improve both training and aircraft, replacing biplanes with modern cantilever monoplanes and creating a cadre of exceptional pilots for use in the Pacific War.

The 1996 elections resulted in the election of the Labour Party, by 8, 000 votes, to replace the Nationalists who had won in 1987 and 1992.

Menzies transferred to federal politics in 1934, representing the United Australia Party ( UAP — the Nationalists had merged with other non-Labor groups to form the UAP during his tenure as a state parliamentarian ) in the upper-class Melbourne electorate of Kooyong.

On 7 May, the Nationalist opposition ( hitherto led by John Latham ), the six Labor dissidents ( who had formed the All for Australia League ), and former Prime Minister Billy Hughes ' Australian Party ( a group of former Nationalists who had been expelled for crossing the floor and bringing down Stanley Bruce's Nationalist government in 1929 ), merged to form the UAP.

The Irish Nationalists held the balance of power in Parliament at this time, Gladstone's conversion had convinced them to support the Liberal Government by using the 86 seats of Parliament they controlled.

Marshall had no leverage over the Communists, but he threatened to withdraw American aid essential to the Nationalists.

Italy was ill-prepared for war, in spite of the fact that it had continuously been involved in conflict since 1935, first with Ethiopia in 1935 – 1936 and then in the Spanish Civil War on the side of Francisco Franco's Nationalists.

However, the presence of many former Labor men — many of whom had been among early leaders in that party — allowed the Nationalists to project an image of national unity.

By then, the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek and the Communists under Mao Zedong had signed a ceasefire to create the Second United Front and fight the Japanese invasion of China, which began in July.

During the early years of his term in office Chiang maintained many of his father's autocratic policies, continuing to rule Taiwan as a military state under martial law as it had been since the Nationalists established its capital there.

The 1885 General Election had left Charles Stewart Parnell's Irish Nationalists holding the balance of power, and had convinced Gladstone that the Irish wanted and deserved Home Rule.

Some of the Unionists held extensive landed estates in Ireland and feared these would be broken up or confiscated if Ireland had its own government, while Hartington had suffered a personal loss at the hands of Irish Nationalists in 1882 when his brother was killed during the Phoenix Park Murders.

The long-standing demand for home rule had been replaced among Nationalists by a demand for complete independence.

A new party, the Country Party ( now the National Party ), was formed, representing farmers who were discontented with the Nationalists ' rural policies, in particular Hughes ' acceptance of a much higher level of tariff protection for Australian industries ( that had expanded during the war ) and his support for price controls on rural produce.

Slobodan Milošević leader of the League of Communists of Serbia since May 1986, became the champion of the Serbian Nationalists when on 24 Apr 1987 he visited Kosovo Polje and, after local Serbs had clashed with the Police declared, ' No one has the right to beat you '.

Later German Bf-109s delivered to Franco's Spanish Nationalist air forces secured air superiority for the Nationalists, one they would never relinquish.

The battle gives the Nationalists temporary air superiority during the Battle of Jarama and demonstrates that the CR. 32s could defeat the I-15s – which previously had dominated the CR. 32s over Spain – if handled courageously and imaginatively.

Nationalist air superiority has proven decisive in their victory, and both the Germans supporting the Nationalists and the Soviets supporting the Republicans have learned a great deal about fighter support to infantry.

Early Republican numerical air superiority had been challenged almost immediately by the technical superiority of Italian Fiat CR. 32 fighters and Savoia-Marchetti SM. 81, and German Junkers Ju 52 bomber-transports ; Soviet Polikarpov I-15 and I-16 fighters had given the Republicans air superiority in the winter of 1936-1937, but the Nationalists had achieved lasting air superiority after German Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters and Heinkel He 111 bombers and Italian Savoia-Marchetti SM. 79 bombers had arrived in 1937.

During the Spanish Civil War, Rheinmetall-Borsig, then controlled by Hermann Göring, was a major supplier of arms to the Spanish Republicans, to Goering ’ s profit, even though German forces were fighting with the Spanish Nationalists.

Fearful the Nationalists may rise to challenge US hegemony in the Far East, President Truman not only rejected the recommendations in the report, but imposed an arms embargo against the Nationalist government, thereby intensifying the bitter political debate over the role of the United States in the Chinese civil war.

On July 18, 1936, when the Nationalists had risen in arms, the Republicans opened a period of terror in Talavera, killing people.

Republicans and some independent Nationalists who led opposition to the idea of compulsory military service for Irish men in the conscription crisis of early 1918.

The military situation of the Spanish Republic deteriorated steadily under Negrín's government, largely because of the superior quality of the opposing generals and officers many of whom were veterans of the Rif War, and by 1938 the overwhelming advantage of the Nationalists in the terms of men ( 20 %), aircraft and artillery provided by Germany and Italy.

The men try to find refuge in the forest when the Nationalists come.

At one point the Nationalists force approximately 30 survivors of a captured British machine gun group to advance in front of their attack ; half of these men die under fire of their own comrades.

During this period, the Nationalists concentrated overhelming artillery and air power on the bulge, drawing upon supplies that had been accumulated for the Santander offensive ; the Republican had no uncommitted reserves of men or weapons upon which to draw.

The Republic lost around 20, 000 men and half their air force, the Nationalists lost around 17, 000 men.

The Siege of the Alcázar in the Spanish Civil War, in which the Nationalists held out against a much larger Republican force for two months until relieved, shows that in some cases a citadel can be effective even in modern warfare ; a similar case is the Battle of Huế, where an NVA division held the citadel of Huế for 26 days against roughly their own numbers of much better-equipped US and South Vietnamese troops.

The first decades after the Nationalists moved the seat of government to the province of Taiwan are associated with the organized effort to resist Communism known as " the " White Terror ", during which about 140, 000 Taiwanese were imprisoned for their real or perceived opposition to the Kuomintang.

Soon, though, the Nationalists began to erode their territory, starving Madrid and making inroads into the east.

A referendum on the issue was called in March 2003 for which the Nationalists and the Democratic Alternative campaigned for a " yes " vote while Labour campaigned heavily for " no " vote, invalidate their vote or abstain.

The view that fairy tales, unless contaminated from outside literary sources, were preserved in the same form over thousands of years, was not exclusive to Romantic Nationalists, but it fit in well with their views that such tales expressed the primordial nature of a people.

* February 10 – Spanish Nationalists complete their offensive in Catalonia.

The Nationalists, now led by Eddie Fenech Adami, refused to accept the electoral result and also refused to take their seats in parliament for the first years of the legislature, mounting a campaign demanding that Parliament should reflect the democratic will of the people.

This coincided with the flight of several hundred thousand Spanish Republicans to France after their loss to the Nationalists in 1939 in the Spanish Civil War.

Conceived as the training center of the Nationalist Party Army, it was to provide the military base from which the Nationalists would launch their campaign to unify China, which was split into dozens of military satrapies.

Still following Comintern instructions, the Communists remained as a " bloc inside " the Nationalist Party, hoping to continue expanding their influence through the Nationalists.

Hughes and the Nationalists governed on their own until the elections of 1922, when the newly emerged Country Party gained the balance of power in the House of Representatives.

Half the UAP members elected in the 1932 Victorian state election were Young Nationalists, almost trebling their parliamentary representation.

Each side thus dresses up the disputes in terms of the other's alleged attempts to repress them ; Nationalists still see Orange Order marches as provocative attempts to " show who is boss ", whilst Unionists insist that they have a right to " walk the Queen's highway " and see any attempt to deny them the right to walk through traditional routes used for centuries as a move to marginalise them and restrict their freedom to celebrate their mainly Protestant identity earned in the Glorious Revolution settlement.

Even though these protests and marches did not manage to achieve all their objectives, the partial success of the movement exhibited the ability of China's various social classes to successfully collaborate, an ideal that would be admired by both Nationalists and Communists.

The US still maintained that the Nationalists were China's rightful government even though the possibility of their retaking the mainland became smaller every year.

At the 1922 federal election, Hughes switched from the rural seat of Bendigo to North Sydney, but the Nationalists lost their outright majority.

After the Qing Dynasty's collapse, decentralization of authority and improved transportation and communication technologies allowed both the Chinese Nationalists and Chinese Communists to rapidly relocate capitals and keep their leadership structures intact during the great crisis of Japanese invasion.

Finally, the Nationalists had stationed many of their troops on the northern side of the Yangtze in order to hold Xuzhou, leaving them exposed to the warlord armies and their impending counteroffensive.

In more recent times, both the Chinese Nationalists and Communists have picked up on this battle and made their own interpretations, in various degrees of objectivity.

All those found guilty or guilty by association of opposing the Nationalists actively or passively were deemed beyond the law and lost their rights and property.