* Henri Lefebvre ( 1901-1991 ) was a French sociologist, intellectual and philosopher who was generally considered a Neo-Marxist.

Various versions of the theory suggest that this is either an inevitability ( standard dependency theory ), or use the theory to highlight the necessity for change ( Neo-Marxist ).

The Neo-Marxist approach to development economics is connected with dependency and world systems theories.

During these years, China was the benchmark for the Neo-Marxist " radical school of economics ", represented by Bettelheim, Paul Sweezy, Andre Gunder Frank, Samir Amin and others who, by fighting against theories of " modernization ," affirmed that at the periphery of the worldwide capitalist system, in " under-developed " countries, " development " is only possible under conditions where these countries pry themselves free from their unequal and asymmetrical connections with the world market, dominated by imperialist countries, in order to choose a different and autonomous path: a development of production neither for profit, nor for an accumulation of abstract wealth, but for the needs of the people.

Marxist and Neo-Marxist analyses continued to be popular in the post-war years, producing seminal works on economic issues and social protests.

While Neo-Marxist / Freirean critical literacy proceeds from a desire to remedy social inequities, this body of work begins with an analysis of text and proceeds from there.

Marxist and Neo-Marxist international relations theories are structuralist paradigms which reject the realist / liberal view of state conflict or cooperation ; instead focusing on the economic and material aspects.

Neo-Marxist economists such as Bowles have argued that education does not lead to higher wages by increasing human capital, but rather by making workers more compliant and reliable in a corporate environment.

In the early 1980s, Hodder and his students at Cambridge first developed postprocessualism, an approach to archaeology stressing the importance of interpretation and subjectivity, strongly influenced by the Neo-Marxist Frankfurt School.

Marxist and Neo-Marxist theories of IR reject the realist / liberal view of state conflict or cooperation ; instead focusing on the economic and material aspects.

" Neo-Marxist " or " New Marxist " approaches have return to the writings of Karl Marx for their inspiration.

In the Neo-Marxist thought of Antonio Gramsci, for instance, a distinction may be felt between the institutions of political society ( the police, the army, legal system, etc.

Neo-Marxist ideas of conflict sociology were applied to capital / state / labor / environmental conflicts instead of only labor / capital / state conflicts over production.

So " Eco-Marxism " was based on using Neo-Marxist conflict sociology concepts of the relative autonomy of the state applied to environmental conflict.

" Singer, like Prebisch, was influential on Neo-Marxist development theorists such as Paul Baran and Andre Gunder Frank.

However, he was not normally considered a Neo-Marxist himself, nor did he consider himself one.

From other parts of Africa the Neo-Marxist school arrived and gained a number of supporters.

Neo-Marxist concepts can also follow an economic theory that attempts to move away from the traditional accusations of class warfare and create new economic theory models, such as Hans-Jürgen Krahl did.

In Industrial Economics the Neo-Marxist approach stresses the monopolistic rather than the competitive nature of capitalism.

*" Contemporary Historical Transformations: Beyond Postindustrial and Neo-Marxist Theories ," Current Perspectives in Social Theory.

Two major theoretical perspectives within the field of critical literacy are the Neo-Marxist / Freirean and the Australian.

Other philosophical approaches to critical literacy, while sharing many of the ideas of Neo-Marxist / Freirean critical literacy, may be viewed as a less overtly politicized expansion on these ideas.

Henri Lefebvre in Metaphilosophie ( 1965 ) argued, from a marxian standpoint, in favor of an " ontological break ", as a necessary methodological approach for critical social theory ( whilst criticizing Louis Althusser's " epistemological break " with subjective marxism, which represented a fundamental theoretical tool for the school of marxist structuralism ).

* Henri Lefebvre

However, it was another French Marxist, the sociologist Henri Lefebvre, who introduced the concept of the ( social ) production of space.

* June 29 – Henri Lefebvre, French sociologist and philosopher ( b. 1901 )

* Henri Lefebvre, Musset, 1955

The longstanding success of the Academie was secured by the famous and respected artists whom Rodolfo Julian employed as instructors: Adolphe William Bouguereau ( 1825 – 1905 ), Henri Royer, Jean-Paul Laurens, Edgar Chahine, Gabriel Ferrier, Tony Robert-Fleury, Jules Lefebvre and other leading artists of that time, mainly exponents of the academic style.

* 1870-Charles-Édouard Lefebvre and Henri Maréchal

He is widely credited with being one of main authors of the important " Manifesto of the 121 ", named after the number of its signatories, who included Jean-Paul Sartre, Robert Antelme, Alain Robbe-Grillet, Marguerite Duras, René Char, Henri Lefebvre, Alain Resnais, Simone Signoret and others, which supported the rights of conscripts to refuse the draft in Algeria.

* Lefebvre, H. Henri Lefebvre ( 2004 ) Rhythmanalysis – Space, Time and Everyday Life.

The Communist Party attracted various intellectuals and artists in the 1920s, including André Breton, the leader of the Surrealist movement, Henri Lefebvre ( who would be expelled in 1958 ), Paul Éluard, Louis Aragon, etc.

* Henri Lefebvre

Some observers, including Soja ( building on the theories of the French philosopher of urbanism Henri Lefebvre ), suggest that although industry may be based outside of a ' post-industrial ' nation, that nation cannot ignore its necessary sociological importance.

* Henri Lefebvre ( 1901 – 1991 )

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