There had been settlement on this part of the Abens river since long before the High Middle Ages, dating back to Neolithic times.

Çatalhöyük (; also Çatal Höyük and Çatal Hüyük, or any of the three without diacritics ; çatal is Turkish for " fork ", höyük for " mound ") was a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC.

The eastern settlement forms a mound which would have risen about 20 m ( 66 ft ) above the plain at the time of the latest Neolithic occupation.

The gorge has been a centre of human settlement since Neolithic times, including a Saxon palace.

The Ubaid period marks the Pottery Neolithic to Chalcolithic phase in Mesopotamia, which represents the earliest settlement on the alluvial plain in the south.

Ground-breaking discoveries concerning the Neolithic cultures of the Levant were made in this ancient settlement.

* Çatalhöyük – A Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement, located near the modern city of Konya, Turkey.

The island has evidence from every stage in the history of Orkney, with a Neolithic settlement at Rinyo, Bronze Age burnt mounds, Iron Age crannogs and brochs ( the highest density anywhere in Scotland: three within of coastline ), Viking boat burials, remains of a medieval church and the stately home at Trumland.

The oldest signs of human settlement are Late Neolithic ( 4th millennium BC or earlier ), but ca.

Skara Brae () is a stone-built Neolithic settlement, located on the Bay of Skaill on the west coast of Mainland, the largest island in the Orkney archipelago of Scotland.

Pottery shards found at the important site of Jarlshof also indicate that there was Neolithic activity there although the main settlement dates from the Bronze Age.

* c. 3100 – 2600 BC — Neolithic settlement at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, is inhabited.

However, the earliest certain evidence of human settlement in the region of Sparta consists of pottery dating from the Middle Neolithic period, found in the vicinity of Kouphovouno some two kilometres south-southwest of Sparta.

* c. 7500 BC — Çatalhöyük, a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, is founded.

While evidence of settlement at present-day Wiesbaden dates back to the Neolithic era, historical records document continuous occupancy after the erection of a Roman fort in 6 AD which housed an auxiliary cavalry unit.

Human lifestyles in North-West Europe changed around 6000 BP ; from the Mesolithic nomadic lives of hunting and gathering, to the Neolithic agrarian life of agriculture and settlement.

* Neolithic Revolution – wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to agriculture and settlement.

The village of Abu Hureyra had two separate periods of occupation: An Epipalaeolithic settlement, and a Neolithic settlement.

Around 9, 000 BC the people return, and a Neolithic settlement was established, perhaps ten times as large as the earlier settlement and one of the largest at that time in the Middle East.

Neolithic sites such as Çatalhöyük, Çayönü, Nevali Cori and Hacilar represent the world's oldest known agricultural towns.

James Mellaart ( November 14, 1925 – July 29, 2012 ) was a British archaeologist and author who is noted for his discovery of the Neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük in Turkey.

Numerous female figurines from Neolithic Çatalhöyük in Anatolia have been interpreted as evidence of a mother-goddess cult, c. 7500 BC.

The earliest known recording of a volcanic eruption may be on a wall painting dated to about 7000 BCE found at the Neolithic site at Çatal Höyük ( now known as Çatalhöyük ), in Anatolia, Turkey.

The oldest records of flat woven kilims come from Çatalhöyük Neolithic pottery, circa 7000 B. C.

The Neolithic cultures of southeastern Europe ( the Balkans, Italy, and the Aegean ) show some continuity with groups in southwest Asia and Anatolia ( e. g., Çatalhöyük ).

) Vultures also feature prominently in the iconography of the Neolithic sites of Çatalhöyük and Jericho ; it is believed that in the early Neolithic culture of Anatolia and the Near East the deceased were deliberately exposed in order to be excarnated by vultures and other carrion birds.

Since 1993, Hodder and an international team of archaeologists have carried out new research and excavation of the 9, 000 year-old Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük in central Anatolia ( modern Turkey ).

* Çatalhöyük, a Neolithic site in southern Anatolia

The earliest surviving evidence of textile dyeing was found at the large Neolithic settlement at Çatalhöyük in southern Anatolia, where traces of red dyes, possibly from ochre, an iron oxide pigment derived from clay ), were found.

* Circa 7500 BCE – Çatalhöyük, a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, is founded.

In the Hurrian schema, Teshub was paired with Hebat the mother goddess ; in the Hittite, with the sun goddess Arinniti of Arinna — a cultus of great antiquity which has similarities with the venerated bulls and mothers at Çatalhöyük in the Neolithic era.

It is generally considered to be a reference to the practice of garlanding sacrificial oxen, the heads of which were primitively displayed on the walls of the temples, a practice with a long history reaching back to the sophisticated Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük in eastern Anatolia, where cattle skulls were overlaid with white plaster.

Along with the excavations of settlements such as Skara Brae, Links of Noltland, Barnhouse, Rinyo and Balfarg and the complex site at Ness of Brodgar these cairns provide important clues as to what civilization in Scotland was like in the Neolithic.

Just prior to Saharan desertification, the communities that developed south of Egypt in what is now modern-day Sudan were full participants in the Neolithic revolution and lived a settled to semi-nomadic lifestyle, with domesticated plants and animals.

Eight thousand years ago, south of the great mountain ranges in what is now the Sahara Desert, a vast savanna supported Neolithic hunters and herders whose culture flourished until the region began to desiccate as a result of climatic changes after 4000 BC.

People have lived in and around what is now Asti since the Neolithic period.

Such concepts as the " Neolithic Revolution " and " Urban Revolution " did not begin with him but he welded them into a new synthesis of economic periods based on what could be known from the artifacts, rather than from a supposed ethnology of an unknown past.

Archaeological sites reveal that prehistoric cultures such as the Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture were active in what is now northern Henan since the Neolithic Era.

The earliest known evidence of a human presence in what is now Oldham is attested by the discovery of Neolithic flint arrow-heads and workings found at Werneth and Besom Hill, implying habitation 7 – 10, 000 years ago.

Through archaeological finds made in what is now the city of Esslingen there is evidence of permanent settlement since the Neolithic Stone Age.

He wrote an account of the mound and its tomb, describing what he saw as its " barbarous sculpture " and noting that animal bones, beads and pieces of glass had been found inside of it ( modern archaeologists have speculated that these latter two were in fact the polished pottery beads that have subsequently been found at the site and which were a common feature of Neolithic tombs ).

Diverse images of what are believed to be Mother Goddesses have been discovered that also date from the Neolithic period, the New Stone Age, which ranges from approximately 10, 000 BCE, when the use of wild cereals led to the beginning of farming and, eventually, to agriculture.

The area of what is now Thun was inhabited since the Neolithic age ( mid-3rd millennium BC ).

It is unlikely that it is possible to reconstruct a historical Tower of Babel linguistic community in which all humans spoke a common language ( although we can say with confidence that large stone edifices built by large organized communities of people, which date to the Neolithic era at the earliest, weren't built by any culture on Earth until at least many tens of thousands of years after there was a hypothetical common language of all humans, or even of all Eurasians ), or to gain very specific insight about what the language the original proto-Eurasians or the earliest modern humans spoke, although the lack of instances of writing more than about 5, 500 years ago, despite the extensive recovery of earlier artifacts and art from prehistory, makes it unlikely that earlier humans had anything approaching a complete written language.

Archeological evidence has been found of Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements in the area, and Chatteris possesses what has been interpreted as the only upstanding Neolithic boundaries in Fenland.

He was perhaps the first to envision what became the division between Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods.

As the motion of the moon's orbit also causes it to work its way across the sky on an 18. 61 year cycle in what is known as the journey between major and minor standstill and back, the theory that this period was both measurable and useful to Neolithic peoples seemed attractive.

Old Europe is a term coined by archaeologist Marija Gimbutas to describe what she perceives as a relatively homogeneous and widespread pre-Indo-European Neolithic culture in Europe, particularly in Malta and the Balkans.

She analyzes the androcracy ( governance of social organization dominated by males ) of Indo-European and other societies, versus what she proposes was a partnership model ( as distinct from matriarchy ) for the social organization of Neolithic Europe and the later Minoan civilization that flourished in prehistoric Neolithic Crete.

* The genetic makeup of Britain and Ireland is overwhelmingly what it has been since the Neolithic period and to a very considerable extent since the Mesolithic period, especially in the female line, i. e. those people, who in time would become identified as British Celts ( culturally speaking ), but who ( genetically speaking ) should more properly be called Cro-Magnon.

As what Vere Gordon Childe termed the " Neolithic Package " ( including agriculture, herding, polished stone axes, timber long houses and pottery ) spread into Europe, the Mesolithic way of life was marginalised and eventually disappeared.

The latter is basically an extension of the Balkan Neolithic, but the more original western branch expands quickly, assimilating what today is Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland and even large parts of western Ukraine, Moldavia, the lowlands of Romania, and regions of France, Belgium and the Netherlands.