Cuba was instrumental in the Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign.

The 1980 Literacy Campaign is considered to have been a major contribution to Nicaraguan society during the Sandinista rule.

Political awareness and the strengthening of political and economic participation of the Nicaraguan people was also a central goal of the Literacy Campaign.

Some of the more successful programs for women that were implemented by the Sandinistas were in the areas of Education Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign, Health, and Housing.

Standard uniform for all ranks since the late 1920s was the US Army tropical ‘ Chino ’ khaki cotton shirt and pants, worn with the US M1912 Campaign Hat ( aka ‘ Montana Peak Hat ’) in Olive Drab felt with the triangular Nicaraguan national cap badge.

He served in the Spanish – American War, Philippine-American War, China Relief Expedition, Cuban Pacification, World War I, Second Nicaraguan Campaign, and World War II.

* Nicaraguan Campaign Medal

Admiral Brockman was a recipient of the Navy Cross with two Gold Stars, Silver Star, Navy Presidential Unit Citation, Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal, American Defense Service Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal and World War Two Victory Medal.

U. S. Nicaraguan Campaign Medals

The Nicaraguan Campaign Medal is a military decoration of the United States Navy which was authorized by Presidential Order of Woodrow Wilson on September 22, 1913.

The Nicaraguan Campaign Medal is therefore considered as two separate decorations, commonly referred to as the First Nicaraguan Campaign Medal and the Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal.

The First Nicaraguan Campaign Medal was created to recognize those U. S. Navy personnel and U. S. Marines who had participated in amphibious actions in Nicaragua between 29 July and 14 November 1912.

The following naval commands, and all embarked U. S. Marines, were eligible for the First Nicaraguan Campaign Medal:

The medal for the First Nicaraguan Campaign Medal displayed a volcano, rising from a lake, with the words “ Nicaraguan Campaign ” and the date 1912 on the edges of the medal.

Following the 1931 Nicaragua earthquake, Groves took over responsibility for Managua's water supply system, for which he was awarded the Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit.

Following the 1931 Nicaragua earthquake, Groves took over responsibility for Managua's water supply system, for which he was awarded the Nicaraguan Presidential Medal of Merit.

Their web site points out that they are " probably the only organization in the world to hold the Nicaraguan ' 10th Anniversary Medal of the Sandinista Revolution ' ( 1989 ), and the ' Thousand Points of Light ' award ( 1991 ) from the Bush administration.

The First Nicaraguan Campaign Medal was a one-time-only decoration and there were no devices or attachments authorized.

The Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal was created General Orders of the Navy Department and approved by Congress to recognize naval operations in Nicaragua between the dates of August 27, 1926 and January 2, 1933.

In June 1985 most of the groups reorganized as the United Nicaraguan Opposition ( UNO ), under the leadership of Adolfo Calero, Arturo Cruz and Alfonso Robelo, all originally supporters of the anti-Somoza revolution.

The United States, which did not participate in the merits phase of the proceedings, maintained that the ICJ's power did not supersede the Constitution of the United States and argued that the court did not seriously consider the Nicaraguan role in El Salvador, while it accused Nicaragua of actively supporting armed groups there, specifically in the form of supply of arms.

The United States established a continuing military presence in Honduras with the purpose of supporting the Contra guerillas fighting the Nicaraguan government and also developed an air strip and a modern port in Honduras.

Restoration of the sugar quota to Nicaraguan growers has been a major blow to Honduras's small independent producers, who had added most of Nicaragua's quota to their own during the United States embargo of Nicaragua.

Despite opposing the United States in favour of the Sandanistas on the country's northern border, stern warnings against the US Bay of Pigs invasion, along with repelling Nicaraguan dictator Somoza's invasion after turning to the Organization of American States, and border disputes with Nicaragua, Costa Rica has held firmly to its belief against ever having a military.

Listed below are the 28 categories tabulated in the 2000 United States Census: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican Republic ; Central American: Costa Rican, Guatemalan, Honduran, Nicaraguan, Panamanian, Salvadoran, Other Central American ; South American: Argentinian, Bolivian, Chilean, Colombian, Ecuadorian, Paraguayan, Peruvian, Uruguayan, Venezuelan, Other South American ; Other Hispanic or Latino: Spaniard, Spanish, Spanish American, All other Hispanic or Latino.

Nicaraguan exports to the United States, which account for 59 % of Nicaragua ’ s total exports, were $ 1. 7 billion in 2008, up 45 % from 2005.

Leading Nicaraguan exports also demonstrated increased diversity, with 274 new products shipped to the United States in the first year.

There have been no reported cases of Nicaraguan armed intervention against the United States.

# Decides that the United States of America, by certain attacks on Nicaraguan territory in 1983-1984, namely attacks on Puerto Sandino on 13 September and 14 October 1983, an attack on Corinto on 10 October 1983 ; an attack on Potosi Naval Base on 4 / 5 January 1984, an attack on San Juan del Sur on 7 March 1984 ; attacks on patrol boats at Puerto Sandino on 28 and 30 March 1984 ; and an attack on San Juan del Norte on 9 April 1984 ; and further by those acts of intervention referred to in subparagraph ( 3 ) hereof which involve the use of force, has acted, against the Republic of Nicaragua, in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to use force against another State ;

# Decides that the United States of America, by directing or authorizing over Rights of Nicaraguan territory, and by the acts imputable to the United States referred to in subparagraph ( 4 ) hereof, has acted, against the Republic of Nicaragua, in breach of its obligation under customary international law not to violate the sovereignty of another State ;

# Decides that the United States of America, by the attacks on Nicaraguan territory referred to in subparagraph ( 4 ) hereof, and by declaring a general embargo on trade with Nicaragua on 1 May 1985, has committed acts calculated to deprive of its object and purpose the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the Parties signed at Managua on 21 January 1956 ;

# Decides that the United States of America, by the attacks on Nicaraguan territory referred to in subparagraph ( 4 ) hereof, and by declaring a general embargo on trade with Nicaragua on 1 May 1985, has acted in breach of its obligations under Article XIX of the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the Parties signed at Managua on 21 January 1956 ;

In 1897, the United States ' Nicaraguan Canal Commission proposed this idea, as did the subsequent Isthmian Canal Commission in 1899.

The party is named after Augusto César Sandino who led the Nicaraguan resistance against the United States occupation of Nicaragua in the 1930s.

“ The mines sank several Nicaraguan boats, damaged at least five foreign vessels, and brought an avalanche of international condemnation down on the United States.

The Nicaraguan revolution put the country's government on the United States ' black book ; therefore the Sandinistas would not receive any aid from the United States.

However, since Daniel Ortega, was defeated in the 1990 election by the United Nicaraguan Opposition ( UNO ) coalition headed by Violeta Chamorro, the situation for women in Nicaragua was seriously altered.

* February 3 – The Democratic-controlled United States House of Representatives rejects President Ronald Reagan's request for $ 36. 25 million to support the Nicaraguan Contras.

* United States support of the Nicaraguan Contras

He rebuffed requests by Salvadoran rightist Roberto D ' Aubuisson to restrict the movements of leaders of the leftist Salvadoran insurgent Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front in Panama, and likewise rebuffed demands by Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North of the United States Marine Corps that he provide military assistance to the Nicaraguan Contras.

The film is set in an alternate 1980s in which the United States is invaded by the Soviet Union and its Cuban and Nicaraguan allies.