As a result of influence from the West Saxons, the tribes were collectively called Anglo-Saxons by the Normans, the West Saxon kingdom having conquered, united and founded the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.

The 12th century saw the Normans ( who had conquered England and Wales in the eleventh century ) invade Ireland.

In 1066, the Normans invaded and conquered England.

" This particular line of criticism also misses the obvious parallels that existed between the story's background ( England conquered by the Normans in 1066, when they killed Saxon King Harold at Hastings, about 130 years previously ) and the prevailing situation in Scott's native Scotland ( Scotland's union with England in 1707 – about the same length of time had elapsed before Scott's writing and the resurgence in his time of Scottish nationalism evidenced by the cult of Robert Burns, the famous poet who deliberately chose to work in Scots vernacular though he was an educated man and spoke modern English eloquently ).

However, Lombard nobles continued to rule parts of the Italian peninsula well into the 11th century, when they were conquered by the Normans, and added to their County of Sicily.

Several fundamental common law institutions may have been adapted from similar legal institutions in Islamic law and jurisprudence, and introduced to England after the Norman conquest of England by the Normans, who conquered and inherited the Islamic legal administration of the Emirate of Sicily, and also by Crusaders during the Crusades.

Godwinson was subsequently defeated within a month by another Viking descendant, William, Duke of Normandy ( Normandy had been conquered by Vikings ( Normans ) in 911 ).

When the Normans conquered England, they brought the term with them.

* Syracuse, the last Muslim stronghold in Sicily, is conquered by the Normans.

* The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France after being given a Duchy by the French King, conquered other lands and protected the French coast from foreign attacks.

After the Roman, Vandal, Byzantine and ( from the 9th century ) Arab dominations, Trapani was conquered by the Normans of Roger I, flourishing under their dominations and having also a role in the Crusades as one of the most important ports in the Mediterranean Sea.

From 800 on, a Saracen presence was intermittent, but Apulia remained under the Byzantine authority, despite the region being mainly inhabited by lombards until the 11th century, when the Normans conquered it with relative ease.

In 1072, Mazara was conquered by Normans, headed by Roger I.

The Normans in return withdrew back to their conquered territories and promised not to attack Benevento or any other papal territory.

Once England had been conquered, the Normans faced many challenges in maintaining control.

Later on Cotrone was conquered by the Normans.

In 1059 Basilicata, together with the rest of southern Italy, was conquered by the Normans.

After the Normans conquered Dublin and its hinterland in the 12th century, Hugh Tyrell, 1st Baron of Castleknock, granted a large area of land, including what now comprises the Phoenix Park, to the Knights Hospitaller.

At the top of this culturally diverse, intensely feudalised and local society, the Marcher barons combined the authority of feudal baron and vassal of the King among their Normans, and of supplanting the traditional tywysog among their conquered Welsh.

The Normans conquered the area that is now Cumbria in 1092 during the reign of William II and created the baronies of Kendal and Westmorland.

The southern Italian tradition was for the most part replaced by the Carolingian tradition when the region was conquered by the Normans.

In 1174, Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush, a commander under Taqi al-Din Umar, conquered Tripoli from the Normans with an army of Turks and Bedouins.

Ousting the Danish leaders who recently conquered parts of England and provided some of the stiffest resistance to the Normans, and largely replacing the powerful English territorial magnates, while co-opting the most powerful of them, the Normans imposed a new political structure that is broadly termed " feudal " ( historians debate whether pre-Norman England should be considered a feudal government — indeed, the entire characterization of Feudalism is under some dispute ).

Subsequently, Phoenicians, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs in 870 CE, Normans, Sicilians, Spanish, French and the British have influenced Maltese life and culture to varying degrees.

After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, Sicily often changed hands, and during the early Middle Ages it was ruled in turn by the Vandals, Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Arabs and Normans.

Started by the Arabs of the oldest foundations, enlarged by the Normans restored and strengthened by Frederick II of Swabia is surrounded by walls with round towers built under Alfonso of Aragon in which a Gothic portal dating from the fourteenth century.

The Normans liberate Sicily from the Arabs and lay the foundations of a period of good government and renewal.

At first the navies fought with the Arabs ( off Bari in 1004, at Messina in 1005 ), but then they found themselves contending with Normans moving into Sicily, and finally with each other.

Although the Arabs soon took the island back, Maniakes ' successes there later inspired the Normans to invade Sicily themselves.

In the south, Sicily had for some time been under foreign domination, by the Arabs and then the Normans.

Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Normans, the Angevines, the Aragonese and the Order of the Knights of St. John all contributed to the development of Malta.

Because Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean and virtually all Mediterranean peoples have passed through it ( Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Ancient Germans, Byzantine Greeks, Arabs, Normans, French, Aragonese, Spanish, Italians ), Sicilian displays the rich and varied influence of several languages on its lexical stock and grammar.

Ragusa was occupied by the Arabs in 848 AD, remaining under their rule until the 11th century, when the Normans conquered it.

Throughout its history, its borders were ever fluctuating, often involved in multi-sided conflicts with not only the Arabs, Persians and Turks of the east, but also with its Christian neighbours-the Bulgarians, Serbs, Normans and the Crusaders, which all at one time or another conquered large amounts of its territory.

In 827 the Arabs conquered Licata, and their rule lasted for more than two centuries, ending when the town was captured by the Normans on July 25, 1086.

However, according to the Consorzio per la Tutela del Formaggio Mozzarella di Bufala Campana, the " most likely hypothesis " is that they were introduced by Normans from Sicily in 1000, and that Arabs had introduced them into Sicily.

Southern Italy benefited from the presence and cross fertilization of the Byzantines, the Arabs, and the Normans, while the north was mostly controlled first by the Carolingians.

The Arabs reigned the region until in 1075 the Normans, led by Hugo of Yersey, succeeded in conquering the region against the resistance of Caid Albucazar.

The Romans changed the name of the township into Hadranum ; during the occupation by the Arabs it was called Adarnu or sometimes Adarna, while the Normans referred to it as Adernio and Adriano.

Invasions from England by the ruling Normans from 1170 led to centuries of strife in Ireland and successive Kings of England sought both to conquer and pillage Ireland, imposing their rule by force throughout the entire island.

After the recall of Maniakes most of the Sicilian conquests were lost throughout 1041, and a subsequent expedition against the Normans suffered several defeats, although Bari was recaptured.

* History of the Northmen, or Danes and Normans, from the Earliest Times to the Conquest of England by William of Normandy, which Washington Irving said “ evinced throughout the enthusiasm of an antiquarian, the liberality of a scholar, and the enlightened toleration of a citizen of the world ” ( London, 1831 ; French translation by Paul Guillot, Paris, 1844 )

The shield is most closely associated with the Normans, who were one of the first cultures to use it widely, and can be seen throughout the Bayeux Tapestry.