Perennial weak points of Spain's economy include high inflation, a large underground economy, and an education system, beside UK and the United States, which OECD reports place among the poorest for developed countries.

The United States and Canadian rules are similar in many respects to the OECD guidelines, with certain points of material difference.

According to the OECD none of 1991-93 reforms worked out as planned and the reforms had in many respects made the system worse.

The government also carried out substantial financial and economical reforms, joined the OECD in 1996, but met crisis with political and financial scandals.

The OECD had adopted the Oil Apportionment Decision < nowiki ></ nowiki >, laying out procedures to be carried out in the event of an oil supply emergency in Europe, but these procedures were not implemented during the crisis.

They cite the fact that offshore banking offers a competitive threat to the banking and taxation systems in developed countries, suggesting that Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) countries are trying to stamp out competition.

The OECD HPV Programme is supported by the International Council of Chemical Associations ( ICCA ) and is being carried out cooperatively by the chemical industry.

The Agreement grew out of the work undertaken by the OECD to address harmful tax practices.

The party set out a plan to reduce the overall taxation in Sweden from 57 % ( which it was in 1989 ), to 47 % within 6 years, as it cited the average overall taxation in the OECD countries to be 37 % the same time.

The first results for PISA 2000 came out in 2001 ( OECD, 2001a ) and 2003 ( OECD, 2003c ), and were followed by thematic reports studying particular aspects of the results.

" Canada vs the OECD: An Environmental Comparison ", a 2001 report published by University of Victoria Eco-Research Chair of Environmental Law and Policy Staff and authored by David R. Boyd, environmental lawyer and coauthor of the forthcoming book David Suzuki's Guide to Helping the Planet, examined 25 environmental indicators, ranks Canada 28th out of the 29 OECD nations.

" According to Egeland, in his memoir A Billion Lives ( 2008 ), this " stingy " quote was taken out of context by the press as directed at tsunami relief, when in fact Egeland was addressing the long and ongoing drive by the UN for all OECD nations to contribute 0. 7 % of GNP to humanitarian efforts.

According to OECD, around two-thirds of research and development in scientific and technical fields is carried out by industries, and 20 % and 10 % respectively by universities and government.

The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention ( officially Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions ) is a convention of the OECD aimed at reducing corruption in developing countries by encouraging sanctions against bribery in international business transactions carried out by companies based in the Convention member countries.

The negotiations were carried out by a high-level negotiating group consisting of officials from the OECD member states, but working outside the OECD committee structure consulting with the non-member countries.

The results of the PISA assessement study in schools for the year 2000 placed Romania on the 34th rank out of 42 participant countries with a general weighted score of 432 representing 85 % of the mean OECD score.

Although geographically only 3 % of Turkey lies in Europe, Turkey has a similar economic system, has a customs union with the European Union in addition to being an official candidate for membership, and is a member of typical Western organisations such as OECD, Council of Europe, and NATO.

Mexico lies in between these two extremes as a newly industrialized country ( NIC ), and is a part of the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) and the only Latin American member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ).

South Korea is a member of the United Nations, WTO, OECD, ASEAN Plus Three, East Asia Summit ( EAS ), and G-20 major economies.

The country is a founding member of the OECD ( 1961 ) and the G-20 major economies ( 1999 ).

Both the U. S. and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD, of which the U. S. and most major industrial countries are members ) had some guidelines by 1979.

The success of the reforms put through by his cabinet were best reflected in Slovakia's entry into the OECD in September 2000, completion of accession negotiations with the European Union and the entry of major investors into the Slovak market.

The OECD criticized major donors for reducing their levels of Official Development Assistance ( ODA ).

The OECD has made decoupling a major focus of the work of its Environment Directorate.

He has conducted major trade negotiations with countries throughout Asia, Europe ( including the former Soviet Union ), the Middle East, Canada, Latin America, and the Caribbean, and in multilateral organizations, including the UN, WTO, and OECD.

Moreover the report argued that labor market discrimination continues to be a problem and that " 30 % of the variation in gender wage gaps across OECD countries can be explained by discriminatory practices in the labour market.

In 1995 Hungary's currency, the Forint ( HUF ), became convertible for all current account transactions, and subsequent to OECD membership in 1996, for almost all capital account transactions as well.

The first Dzurinda government made numerous political and economic reforms that enabled Slovakia to enter the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ), close virtually all chapters in European Union ( EU ) negotiations, and make itself a strong candidate for accession to North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ).

Taxation as a percentage of GDP in 2003 was 56. 1 % in Denmark, 54. 5 % in France, 49. 0 % in the Euro area, 42. 6 % in the United Kingdom, 35. 7 % in the United States, 35. 2 % in Ireland, and among all OECD members an average of 40. 7 %.

To some degree this is simply a stylistic change, similar to the decline in the use of " panic " to refer to financial crises, but it does also reflect that the economic cycle – both in the United States and in most OECD countries – though not in all – has been more moderate since 1945.

It now has 41 members, including all Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) members except Mexico, the European Commission, all 27 Member States of the European Union, Croatia, Ukraine and Argentina.

One study based on data from the OECD concluded that all types of health care finance " are compatible with " an efficient health system.

According to OECD, " these systems are used in Italy ( with some fees ), in all four countries of the United Kingdom ( with some fees and allowances for specific services ), Austria ( with fees for specific services ), Denmark ( one third of income with remainder fee for service ), Ireland ( since 1989 ), the Netherlands ( fee-for-service for privately insured patients and public employees ) and Sweden ( from 1994 ).

The U. S. and OECD rules require that reliable adjustments must be made for all differences ( if any ) between related party items and purported comparables that could materially affect the condition being examined.

Known for his moderation, pragmatism and self-irony, Erlander constantly sought approval from the liberal-conservative opposition for his policies, de facto dropping all pretences of wide-scale nationalizations whilst introducing reforms such as universal health insurance, pension additions and a growing public sector while stopping short of raising tax levels above the average OECD levels at the time.

However, as the OECD has a rule of unanimity and not all member states were not ready to participate.

Except for Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Mexico, and Slovenia, all OECD member states are members of the IEA.

In the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises document, it is stated that all members will " Seek ways to prevent or mitigate adverse human rights impacts that are directly linked to their business operations, products or services by a business relationship, even if they do not contribute to those impacts "

Originally an OECD standard, it has become an acknowledged standard in R & D studies all over the world and is widely used by various organisations associated with the United Nations and European Union.

Health spending in the United States accounts for approximately half of all health spending among OECD nations, but the biggest growth will be outside of the U. S. According to PwC projections, the countries that are expected to have the highest health spending growth between 2010 and 2020 are China, where health spending is expected to increase by 166 percent, and India, which will see a 140 percent increase.

Besides bilateral treaties, also multialteral countries are in place: Countries of the European Union ( EU ) have also entered into a multilateral agreement with respect to value added taxes under auspices of the EU, while a joint treaty of the Council of Europe and the OECD exists open to all nations.

Most but not all tax treaties follow the definition of PE in the OECD Model Treaty.

The offshore regime in Cyprus for instance, although still maintaining low corporate tax and other benefits has successfully reformed all its financial sector legislation in line with international best practice, fully compliant with European Union directives, the OECD, Financial Action Task Force ( FATF ), and Financial Stability Forum ( FSF ); since EU accession.

While the OECD is a forum for macroeconomic policy issues, it also deals with virtually all underlying structural issues including financial markets, trade and investment, taxation and corporate governance.

Nevertheless, the model is still widely accepted at all levels of government and in many OECD nations.

The EU and Canadian efforts are among the most advanced in any of the G8 or OECD nations, but there are parallel efforts to measure quality of life or standard of living in health ( not strictly wealth ) terms in all developed nations.

OECD economists estimate that cutting all agricultural tariffs and subsidies by 50 % would set off a chain reaction in realignments of production and consumption patterns that would add an extra $ 26 billion to annual world income.

According to the 2008 edition of the Employment Outlook report by the OECD, almost all OECD countries have established laws to combat discrimination on grounds of gender.