The protocol also broadens the definition of a lawful combatant in wars against " alien occupation, colonial domination and racist regimes " to include those who carry arms openly but are not wearing uniforms, so that they are now lawful combatants and protected by the Geneva Conventions — although only if the Occupying Power has ratified Protocol I.

It is thus the consensus among some international law experts that Israel remains the effective Occupying Power of the Gaza Strip, while other law experts dispute this.

* Article 4 defines who is a Protected person: Persons protected by the Convention are those who, at a given moment and in any manner whatsoever, find themselves, in case of a conflict or occupation, in the hands of a Party to the conflict or Occupying Power of which they are not nationals.

Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.

Nevertheless, the Occupying Power may undertake total or partial evacuation of a given area if the security of the population or imperative military reasons so demand.

The Occupying Power undertaking such transfers or evacuations shall ensure, to the greatest practicable extent, that proper accommodation is provided to receive the protected persons, that the removals are effected in satisfactory conditions of hygiene, health, safety and nutrition, and that members of the same family are not separated.

The Occupying Power shall not detain protected persons in an area particularly exposed to the dangers of war unless the security of the population or imperative military reasons so demand.

The Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies.

The Occupying Power shall take all necessary steps to facilitate the identification of children and the registration of their parentage.

Should the local institutions be inadequate for the purpose, the Occupying Power shall make arrangements for the maintenance and education, if possible by persons of their own nationality, language and religion, of children who are orphaned or separated from their parents as a result of the war and who cannot be adequately cared for by a near relative or friend.

The Occupying Power shall not hinder the application of any preferential measures in regard to food, medical care and protection against the effects of war which may have been adopted prior to the occupation in favour of children under fifteen years, expectant mothers, and mothers of children under seven years.

Any destruction by the Occupying Power of real or personal property belonging individually or collectively to private persons, or to the State, or to other public authorities, or to social or cooperative organizations, is prohibited, except where such destruction is rendered absolutely necessary by military operations.

To the fullest extent of the means available to it, the Occupying Power has the duty of ensuring and maintaining, with the cooperation of national and local authorities, the medical and hospital establishments and services, public health and hygiene in the occupied territory, with particular reference to the adoption and application of the prophylactic and preventive measures necessary to combat the spread of contagious diseases and epidemics.

In adopting measures of health and hygiene and in their implementation, the Occupying Power shall take into consideration the moral and ethical susceptibilities of the population of the occupied territory.

A non-combatant civilian " in the hands " of an enemy or an Occupying Power often gains rights through the Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949 ( GCIV ), if they qualify as a " protected person ".

: In the case of occupied territory, the application of the present Convention shall cease one year after the general close of military operations ; however, the Occupying Power shall be bound, for the duration of the occupation, to the extent that such Power exercises the functions of government in such territory, by the provisions of the following Articles of the present Convention: 1 to 12, 27, 29 to 34, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 59, 61 to 77, 143.

: Protected persons who are in occupied territory shall not be deprived, in any case or in any manner whatsoever, of the benefits of the present Convention by any change introduced, as the result of the occupation of a territory, into the institutions or government of the said territory, nor by any agreement concluded between the authorities of the occupied territories and the Occupying Power, nor by any annexation by the latter of the whole or part of the occupied territory.

: Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.

The Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies.

They shall also be granted the full rights and privileges of a protected person under the present Convention at the earliest date consistent with the security of the State or Occupying Power, as the case may be.

In this case, the sine qua non refers to the assurance that relief aid will go to the civilian population and not be diverted toward " the benefit of the Occupying Power ".

Individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the Occupying Power or to that of any other country, occupied or not, are prohibited, regardless of their motive.

The Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies.

Scholars in international law have noted that " in accordance with Article 49 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, the settlement of Russians in the Baltic States during the period was illegal under international law " (" The Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies ").

Occupying a site just east of the Roman Forum, its construction started in 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian and was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign ( 81 – 96 ).

Occupying two floors, with the Den located on the lower floor and the Black Lounge on the upper floor, in the warmer months of the year the second floor features a large outdoor patio.

Occupying the whole of the west side cliff above the beach was a large castle with a swimming pool, greenhouse and tennis court called Eucliffe, one of three castles owned by the millionaire Eu Tong Sween.

Occupying defensive positions throughout the lava beds south of Tule Lake, for months those few warriors successfully waged a guerrilla war against hundreds of United States Army forces sent against them and reinforced with artillery.

The book Auf dem Bauche sollst du kriechen ... Deutschland unter den Besatzungsmächten ( Upon thy belly shalt thou go ... Germany under the Occupying Powers ) published in 1958, which Tüngel wrote together with journalist Hans Rudolf Berndorff, is sometimes referred to as his " memoirs ".

Occupying a similarly commanding site on the opposite side of the town is St Macartan's College for boys ( from 1840 ), a 17-bay classical structure with a bell tower and private chapel, by the Newry-born architect Thomas Duff.

Occupying the valley of Aghstev river at a height of 755 meters above sea level, the city is surrounded with high mountains covered with thick forests, turning into alpine meadows in certain areas.

Occupying West Germany following the conclusion of World War II, the ' Western Allies ' ( America & Britain ) had continued to implement an economic policy of rationing, wage and price controls, coupled with continued excessive printing of paper money.

Occupying the Chair of Exegesis ( mepasqana in Syriac ), he replaced the texts of St. Ephraim with those of Theodore of Mopsuestia.

Occupying an island nation with a primarily agricultural economy, New Zealand yields produce from land and sea.

Occupying the center of the interior floor is Einstein A, an impact crater with terraced inner walls and a central peak.

Occupying 4. 5 hectares and the size of six football fields, the new campus provides boarding for international and local students with a total of 247 rooms and 428 beds.

Occupying a central position on the great highway between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, thus uniting the East and the West, wealth flowed into it from many sources, so that it became one of the greatest of all the region's ancient cities, and the capital of the Neo Assyrian Empire.

Occupying such a level would give an electron ( in the fields of all its neighboring nuclei ) a potential energy equal to its chemical potential ( average diffusion energy per electron ) as they both appear in the Fermi-Dirac distribution function,

Occupying the territory between Lake Nicaragua and the Pacific Coast, the Niquirano were governed by chief Nicarao, or Nicaragua, a rich ruler who lived in Nicaraocali, now the city of Rivas.

Occupying a strategic region of the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of 15 islands about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines.

* August 23 – Osama bin Laden writes " The Declaration of Jihad on the Americans Occupying the Country of the Two Sacred Places ," a call for the removal of American military forces from Saudi Arabia.

* May 20 – First Barons ' War in England: Occupying French forces are defeated at the Battle of Lincoln by English royal troops led by William Marshal, Earl of Pembroke and survivors forced to flee south.

Occupying a middle ground between incorporated and unincorporated areas are Special Tax Districts, quasi-municipal unincorporated areas created by legislation passed by the Maryland General Assembly.

Occupying the coastal area between the Niantic tribe of the Niantic River of present-day Connecticut and the Wecapaug River, and the Narragansett in what is now western Rhode Island, the Pequot numbered some 16, 000 persons in the most densely inhabited portion of southern New England.

Occupying the coastal area between the Niantic River of present-day Connecticut and the Wecapaug River in what is now western Rhode Island, the Pequot numbered some 16, 000 persons in the most densely inhabited portion of southern New England.

Occupying both east and west banks of the river, the town was connected by the construction of a bridge which carried the road.