The CD-R, originally named CD Write-Once ( WO ), specification was first published in 1988 by Philips and Sony in the ' Orange Book '.

The Orange Book consists of several parts, furnishing details of the CD-WO, CD-MO ( Magneto-Optic ), and CD-RW ( ReWritable ).

CD-R / RWs are available with capacities of 80 minutes of audio or 737, 280, 000 bytes ( 700 MB ), which they achieve by molding the disc at the tightest allowable tolerances specified in the Orange Book CD-R / CD-RW standards.

The engineering margin that was reserved for manufacturing tolerance has been used for data capacity instead, leaving no tolerance for manufacturing ; for these discs to be truly compliant with the Orange Book standard, the manufacturing process must be perfect.

There are also 90 minute / 790 MB and 99 minute / 870 MB discs, although they are less common ( and depart from the Orange Book standard outright ).

( As the ATIP is part of the Orange Book standard, it is natural that its design does not support some nonstandard disc configurations.

Some drives use special techniques, such as Plextor's GigaRec or Sanyo's HD-BURN, to write more data onto a given disc ; these techniques are inherently deviations from the Compact Disc ( Red, Yellow, and / or Orange Book ) standards, making the recorded discs proprietary-formatted and not fully compatible with standard CD players and drives.

Nothing in the Red, Yellow or Orange Book standards prohibits disc reading / writing devices from having the capacity to read or write discs beyond the Compact Disc standards.

; The Orange Book

The Orange Book, another classic computer security literature reference, therefore provides a more formal definition of the TCB of a computer system, as

The Orange Book further explains that

It should be pointed out that as a consequence of the above Orange Book definition, the boundaries of the TCB depend closely upon the specifics of how the security policy is fleshed out.

For this reason, the Orange Book ( still a reference on the design of secure operating systems design ) characterizes the various security assurance levels that it defines mainly in terms of the structure and security features of the TCB.

As outlined by the aforementioned Orange Book, software portions of the trusted computing base need to protect themselves against tampering to be of any effect.

* Orange Book

X. 25 was originally defined by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee ( CCITT, now ITU-T ) in a series of drafts and finalized in a publication known as The Orange Book in 1976.

Modern uses of thalidomide ( trademarked as Thalomid, according to FDA Orange Book ) include treating multiple myeloma in combination with dexamethasone, and erythema nodosum leprosum, with strict controls on its use to prevent birth defects.

Per the U. S. National Security Agency's 1983 Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria ( TCSEC ), or " Orange Book ", a set of " evaluation classes " were defined that described the features and assurances that the user could expect from a trusted system.

* TCSEC – The United States Department of Defense DoD 5200. 28 Std, called the Orange Book and parts of the Rainbow Series.

The central thesis of the Orange Book follows from the work done by Dave Bell and Len LaPadula for a set of protection mechanisms.

Orange Book may refer to:

* The Orange Book: Reclaiming Liberalism, by members of the British Liberal Democrat party

* The IUPAC Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature informally known as the Orange Book.

* United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods – Model Regulations dubbed Orange Book because of the color of its cover

Candy Stripers originated as a high-school civics class project in East Orange, New Jersey, in 1944.

" The time and circumstances under which the name South Orange originated will probably never be known ," wrote historian William H. Shaw in 1884, " and we are obliged to fall back on a tradition, that Mr. Nathan Squier first used the name in an advertisement offering wood for sale " in 1795.

The first dance identifiable as moshing may have originated in Orange County, California, during the first wave of American hardcore.

The fur trade of New Netherland, through the port of New Amsterdam, depended largely on the trading depot at Fort Orange ( now Albany ), where much of the fur is believed to have originated in Canada, smuggled by entrepreneurs who wished to avoid the government-imposed monopoly there.

Northwest Airlines Flight 255 was a flight that originated at Tri-City Airport in Saginaw, Michigan, and was scheduled to terminate at John Wayne Airport in Orange County, California, with intermediate stops at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport in Romulus, Michigan, near Detroit, and at Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix, Arizona.

Indie pop is a genre of alternative rock music that originated in the United Kingdom in the mid-1980s, with its roots in Scottish post-punk bands on the Postcard Records label in the early ' 80s ( Josef K and Orange Juice ) and the dominant UK independent band of the mid -' 80s, The Smiths.

Heaven 17 were another band whose name originated in A Clockwork Orange.

It originated in the Syracuse University newspaper The Daily Orange.

The garden originated in 1927 when Susanna Bixby Bryant established a native garden on her rancho in Orange County.

Recently I traveled the parkway from East Orange to Cape May and I found the most courteous group of men you will find anywhere.

The 21st chapter was omitted from the editions published in the United States prior to 1986 .< ref > Burgess, Anthony ( 1986 ) A Clockwork Orange Resucked in < u > A Clockwork Orange </ u >, W. W. Norton & Company, New York .</ ref > In the introduction to the updated American text ( these newer editions include the missing 21st chapter ), Burgess explains that when he first brought the book to an American publisher, he was told that U. S. audiences would never go for the final chapter, in which Alex sees the error of his ways, decides he has lost all energy for and thrill from violence and resolves to turn his life around ( a slow-ripening but classic moment of metanoia — the moment at which one's protagonist realises that everything he thought he knew was wrong ).

Following the Glorious Revolution, the line of succession to the English throne was governed by the Bill of Rights 1689, which declared that the flight of James II from England to France during the revolution amounted to an abdication of the throne and that James ' son-in-law, ( and nephew ) William of Orange, and his wife, James ' daughter, Mary, were James ' successors, who ruled jointly as William III and Mary II.

Agent Orange is the combination of the code names for Herbicide Orange ( HO ) and Agent LNX, one of the herbicides and defoliants used by the U. S. military as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971.

Military film footage of U. S. troops spraying Agent Orange from a riverboat in Vietnam

Vietnamese people | Vietnamese babies, birth defect | deformed and stillbirth | stillborn after prenatal 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin | dioxin exposure from Agent Orange

Dioxins from Agent Orange have persisted in the Vietnamese environment since the war, settling in the soil and sediment and entering into food chain through the animals and fish that feed in the contaminated areas.

The first significant reference to the influence of Aelian in the 16th century is a letter to Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange from his cousin William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg on December 8, 1594.

Transmontane — Desert chaparral typically grows on the lower ( elevation ) northern slopes of the southern Transverse Ranges ( running east to west in San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties ) and on the lower () eastern slopes of the Peninsular Ranges ( running south to north from lower Baja California to Riverside and Orange Counties and the Transverse Ranges ).

However, ten years later, Stadtholder Maurice of Orange, proposed to continue the war with Spain, but also to distract attention from Spain to the Republic.

* Manzanar Murakami from Karen Tei Yamashita's novel " Tropic of Orange "

Surprisingly, this use of orange comes from Nassau, which today uses orange-blue, not from Orange, which today uses red-blue.

In 1566 William of Orange, a convert to Calvinism and the father of his people, started the Eighty Years ' War to liberate the Dutch from the Catholic Spaniards and the brutality of the Duke of Alba.

The country's political system was dominated by wealthy regents and ( sometimes ) by stadtholders drawn from the House of Orange.

By 1884, the Germans declared the coastal region from the Orange River to the Kunene River a German protectorate.

Category: People from Orange County, California

Afterwards, the radioactive debris and soils were placed in a landfill on the island, along with residue from Agent Orange containers returned from Southeast Asia after the Vietnam War, PCBs, PAHs, dioxins, and sarin nerve gas from the Soviet Union and East Germany.