It is primarily for this reason that the histamine H2 antagonists including cimetidine ( Tagamet ), famotidine ( Pepcid ), and ranitidine ( Zantac ), and the proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ) omeprazole ( Prilosec ) were made OTC.

The most objective test to assess success of PPI therapy in patients with GERD is esophageal pH monitoring.

This new information is based upon FDA review of several long-term studies that reported an increased risk of fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine with PPI use.

Another potential adverse event of PPI administration is chronic interstitial nephritis leading to chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) and end-stage renal disease ( ESRD ).

The power improvement over the slow PPI chain is by a factor of 10 < sup > 16 </ sup >.

When H. pylori infection is present, the most effective treatments are combinations of 2 antibiotics ( e. g. Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole ) and 1 proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ), sometimes together with a bismuth compound.

There is some evidence that proton pump inhibitors are a risk factor for C. difficile infection and pseudomembranous colitis, but others question whether this is a false association or statistical artifact ( increased PPI use is itself a marker of increased age and co-morbid illness ).

The installation of malicious rootkits is commercially driven, with a pay-per-install ( PPI ) compensation method typical for distribution.

Some digital file formats record a DPI value, or more commonly a PPI ( pixels per inch ) value, which is to be used when printing the image.

If it is labeled as 250 PPI, that is an instruction to the printer to print it at a size of 4 × 4 inches.

An image may also be resampled to change the number of pixels and therefore the size or resolution of the image, but this is quite different from simply setting a new PPI for the file.

For vector images, there is no equivalent of resampling an image when it is resized, and there is no PPI in the file because it is resolution independent ( prints equally well at all sizes ).

In these formats the target PPI of the bitmaps is adjusted to match when the target print size of the file is changed.

Microsoft began writing its software to treat the screen as though it provided a PPI characteristic that is times larger than what the screen actually displayed.

Thus, for example, a 10-point font on a Macintosh ( at 72 PPI ) was represented with 10 pixels ( i. e., 10 PPEm ), whereas a 10-point font on a Windows platform ( at 96 PPI ) using the same screen is represented with 13 pixels ( i. e., Microsoft rounded 13. 3333 to 13 pixels, or 13 PPEm ).

The negative consequence of this standard is that with 96 PPI displays, there is no longer a 1-to-1 relationship between the font size in pixels and the printout size in points.

When the text was laid out on the screen 72 PPI font metric files were used, but when printed 300 PPI files were used — thus one would occasionally find characters and words slightly off, a problem that continues to this day.

In complicated, treatment-resistant cases, 3 antibiotics ( e. g. amoxicillin + clarithromycin + metronidazole ) may be used together with a PPI and sometimes with bismuth compound.

Since the 1980s, the Microsoft Windows operating system has set the default display " DPI " to 96 PPI, while Apple / Macintosh computers have used a default of 72 PPI.

The Indian Wholesale Price Index ( WPI ) was first published in 1902, and was used by policy makers until it was replaced by the Producer Price Index ( PPI ) in 1978.

Spatial light modulators can be used to reduce pixel pitch to 2. 5 μm, giving a pixel density of 10, 160 PPI.

" PPI " or " pixel density " may also be used to describe the resolution of an image scanner.

Diagram showing the evolution of the height above ground, in kilometers, with the distance to the radar for the 24 PPI angles used on the Canadian weather radar s ( curved lines )

The PPI display was first used prior to the start of the Second World War in a Jagdschloss experimental radar system outside Berlin.

PPI displays are also used to display sonar data, especially in underwater warfare.

This was because the Alto monitor provided a resolution of 72 pixels per inch, but the laser printers used at PARC provided a resolution of 300 PPI.

The 72 PPI pixel size closely approximated the 72. 27 points per inch used in the commercial printing industry, so that a pixel in Bravo would be the same size as a typeface point.

For more than 20 years the PPI used the Standard Industrial Classification ( SIC ) system to collect and publish data.

Moreover, many Windows software programs have been written since the 1980s which assume that the screen provides 96 PPI.

The current standard base period for most commodity-oriented PPI series is 1982, but many indexes that began after 1982 are based on the month of their introduction.

In a typical plan position indicator ( PPI ) radar with a rotating antenna, this will usually be seen as a " sun " or " sunburst " in the centre of the display as the receiver responds to echoes from dust particles and misguided RF in the waveguide.

Modern computer-monitors typically display about 72 to 130 pixels per inch ( PPI ), and some modern consumer printers can resolve 2400 dots per inch ( DPI ) or more ; determining the most appropriate image resolution for a given printer-resolution can pose difficulties, since printed output may have a greater level of detail than a viewer can discern on a monitor.

A compact Mac, the Plus had a 9-inch 512 × 384 pixel monochrome display with a resolution of 72 PPI, identical to that of previous Macintosh models.

The DPI measurement of a printer often needs to be considerably higher than the pixels per inch ( PPI ) measurement of a video display in order to produce similar-quality output.

The choice of 72 PPI by Macintosh for their displays arose from the convenient fact that the official 72 points-per-inch mirrored the 72 pixels-per-inch that actually appeared on their display screens.

Accordingly, these programs do not display properly at common alternative resolutions such as 72 PPI or 120 PPI.

With a logical PPI of 96 PPI, older programs can still run properly regardless of the actual physical PPI of the display screen.

The built-in display was a one-bit black-and-white, CRT with a resolution of 512 × 342 pixels, establishing the desktop publishing standard of 72 PPI.

The PPI of a computer display is related to the size of the display in inches and the total number of pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions.

For example, a 15 inch ( 38 cm ) display whose dimensions work out to 12 inches ( 30. 48 cm ) wide by 9 inches ( 22. 86 cm ) high, capable of a maximum 1024 × 768 ( or XGA ) pixel resolution, can display around 85 PPI in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

It is possible for a display ’ s horizontal and vertical PPI measurements to be different ( e. g., a typical 4: 3 ratio CRT monitor showing a 1280 × 1024 mode computer display at maximum size, which is a 5: 4 ratio, not quite the same as 4: 3 ).

Modern displays having upwards of 300 PPI pixel densities, combined with their non-reflective, bright, evenly lit and interactive display areas, may have vastly more appeal to users than the best prints available on paper.

The PPI pixel density specification of a display is also useful for calibrating a monitor with a printer.

Software can use the PPI measurement to display a document at “ actual size ” on the screen.

The plan position indicator ( PPI ), is the most common type of radar display.

Return echoes from targets are received by the antenna and processed by the receiver and the most direct display of those data is the PPI.

A photograph of an H2S radar | H2S PPI display taken during an attack on Cologne-the annotations were added later for post-attack analysis