When the Mikołajczyk's People's Party ( PPP ) continued to resist pressure to renounce a ticket of its own outside the communist party bloc, it was exposed to open terror, including the disqualification of PPP candidates in one quarter of the districts and the arrest of over 1000, 000 PPP activists, followed by vote rigging that resulted in Gomułka's communists winning a majority in the carefully controlled poll.

Sheikh Mohammad Rashid, one of the founding fathers of the Pakistan Peoples Party ( PPP ) was regarded as an ideologue by thousands of PPP activists and was committed to a socialist cause.

The Awami National Party later formed an alliance with the conservative Pakistan Muslim League in early June 1989 which led to a formal split in the party with many activists allying with the PPP.

It is ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP ( PPP ) as of 2011, and its emergent, though currently underperforming manufacturing sector is the third-largest on the continent, producing a large proportion of goods and services for the West African region.

The low turnout was caused in large part by a boycott led by the PPP, WPA, and other opposition forces.

This discrepancy has large implications ; for instance, when converted via the nominal exchange rates GDP per capita in India is about US $ 1, 704. 063 while on a PPP basis it is about US $ 3, 608. 196.

Data rooms ( online data room ) are used in many different types of transactions where the vendor ( in the case of a property, M & A or share sale ) or the authority ( in the case of a PFI / PPP project ) wishes to disclose a large amount of confidential data to proposed bidders typically during the due diligence process.

Planning of the airport link started in the 1980s, and in 1993 the Government of Sweden issued a tender for a public – private partnership ( PPP ) to build the Arlanda Line, the construction of which would be subsidized with partial state grants and large state loans.

Powerful PPP leaders such as Ghulam Mustafa Khar openly condemned Bhutto and called for protests against his regime.

Using that PPP rate, an amount of money thus has the same purchasing power in different countries.

The Big Mac Index is published by The Economist as an informal way of measuring the purchasing power parity ( PPP ) between two currencies and provides a test of the extent to which market exchange rates result in goods costing the same in different countries.

The way the frame is electrically defined on a connection between two systems is different from the typically wide-area networking technology that uses HDLC or PPP implemented, but these details are not important for throughput calculations.

Operationally, however, the lines are quite different, with the Airport Line stations being operated by a private company, the Airport Link Company, as part of a public private partnership ( PPP ).

A one-time pad ( such as PPP, described later ) is a little different but can still be classed as a possession factor.

AXA PPP Healthcare was created when AXA bought Guardian Royal Exchange ( GRE ), though it subsequently sold the other parts of GRE to Aegon.

Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) in purchasing power parity ( PPP ) in 2008 was estimated at $ 16. 83 billion USD, and GDP per capita in PPP at $ 2, 600 USD, making Nicaragua the second poorest country in the Western Hemisphere.

The economy of South Africa is the largest in Africa, accounts for 24 % of its Gross Domestic Product in terms of PPP, and is ranked as an upper-middle income economy by the World Bank, which makes the country one of only four countries in Africa represented in this category ( the others being Botswana, Gabon and Mauritius ).

Based on Gross Domestic Product ( PPP ) figures for the year 2011, the most developed country in the grouping is the Czech Republic ( USD 25, 933 per capita ), followed by Slovakia ( USD 23, 384 per capita ), Poland ( USD 20, 136 per capita ) and Hungary ( USD 19, 647 per capita ).

In 2004 Austria was the fourth richest country within the European Union, having a GDP ( PPP ) per capita of approximately € 27, 666, with Luxembourg, Ireland, and Netherlands leading the list.

Tensions mounted and despite an agreement reached between the opposition and PPP, martial law was imposed in the country by Chief of Army Staff General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977.

The PPP won the considerable victory on among all political parties, gaining a momentum of general seats 121 from all provinces in the Parliament, whilst the centre-right, Pakistan Muslim League came second in place, managing to secure 91 seats from all over the country.

The PPP was founded on 1 January 1950, and was the first mass party in the country.

Today, under the leadership of Datuk M. Kayveas, the PPP has a membership of more than 500, 000 with a network of over 3000 branches throughout the country.

* List of country subdivisions by GDP ( PPP )

All the previously existing political parties were forced to be part of either the PPP and PDI, with public servants under pressure to join the membership of Golkar.

On February 28, 1971, Yahya Khan, the President of Pakistan, under the pressure of PPP of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, postponed the national assembly meeting scheduled for March.

At these lower speeds, ATM provides a useful ability to carry multiple logical circuits on a single physical or virtual medium, although other techniques exist, such as Multi-link PPP and Ethernet VLANs, which are optional in VDSL implementations.

Gross domestic product ( GDP ) per capita based on purchasing-power-parity ( PPP ) increased fourfold between 1981 and 2006, from US $ 1355 in 1981, to US $ 2525 in 1991, to US $ 3686 in 2001 and to an estimated US $ 4535 in 2006.

This allowed a user to have a constant multi-link PPP connection to the internet over X. 25 on the D channel, and brought up one or two B channels as needed.

Bearer channels may also be multiplexed into what may be considered single, higher-bandwidth channels via a process called B channel BONDING, or via use of Multi-Link PPP " bundling " or by using an H0, H11, or H12 channel on a PRI.

Internet service providers ( ISPs ) have used PPP for customer dial-up access to the Internet, since IP packets cannot be transmitted over a modem line on their own, without some data link protocol.

Bouts died on March 7, 1999, after which his work has been continued by the Dutch foundation PPP ( Per Pulchritudinem in Pulchritudine ), operated by Anette Müller, one of Bouts ' students.

Pariser is best known for his work with Robert G. Parr on the method of molecular orbital computation now known ( because it was independently developed by John A. Pople ) as the Pariser – Parr – Pople method ( PPP method ), published both by Pariser and Parr and by Pople in almost simultaneous papers in 1953.

This is a chart of Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) of Albania in national currency ( million leks ) and in US dollars based on Purchasing Power Parity ( PPP ) from estimates by the International Monetary Fund.

In modern practice, only error detection, not flow control using sliding window, is present in data link protocols such as Point-to-Point Protocol ( PPP ), and, on local area networks, the IEEE 802. 2 LLC layer is not used for most protocols on the Ethernet, and on other local area networks, its flow control and acknowledgment mechanisms are rarely used.

The People's Progressive Party ( PPP ) was founded on January 1, 1950.

Colonial officials showed their displeasure with the PPP in 1952 when, on a regional tour, the Jagans were designated prohibited immigrants in Trinidad and Grenada.

Conservatives branded the PPP as communist, but the party campaigned on a center-left platform and appealed to a growing nationalism.

Burnham's wing of the PPP moved to the right, leaving Jagan's wing on the left, where he was regarded with considerable apprehension by Western governments and the colony's conservative business groups.

Outmaneuvered on the parliamentary front, the PPP leader tried another tactic.

When overtures intended to bring about new elections and PPP participation in the government were brushed aside, the largely Indo-Guyanese sugar work force went on a bitter strike.

Cheddi Jagan of the PPP was elected and sworn in as President on October 9, 1992, reversing the monopoly Afro-Guyanese traditionally had over Guyanese politics.

She was then elected President on fifteenth December 1997 for the PPP.

Janet Jagan's PPP government was sworn in on 24 December having agreed to a constitutional review and to hold elections within three years, though Hoyte refused to recognise her government.

Purchasing power parity ( PPP ) is an economic theory and a technique used to determine the relative value of currencies, estimating the amount of adjustment needed on the exchange rate between countries in order for the exchange to be equivalent to ( or on par with ) each currency's purchasing power.