After allying with Mussolini's Italy in the " Pact of Steel " and signing a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, the German dictator Adolf Hitler started the Second World War on 1 September 1939 attacking Poland and following a military build-up throughout the late 1930s.

Ribbentrop's efforts were crowned with success with the signing of the Pact of Steel in May 1939, though this was accomplished only by falsely assuring Mussolini that there would be no war for the next three years.

Ribbentrop expressed his firmly-held belief that neither Britain nor France would go to war for Poland, but if that should occur, he fully expected the Italians to honour the terms of the Pact of Steel ( which was both an offensive and defensive treaty ), and declare war not only on Poland, but on the Western powers if necessary.

Ciano complained furiously that Ribbentrop had violated his promise given only that spring, when Italy signed the Pact of Steel, that there would be no war for the next three years.

Ciano said that it was absurd to believe that the Reich could attack Poland without triggering a wider war and that now the Italians were left with the choice of either going to war when they needed three more years to rearm or being forced into the humiliation of having to violate the terms of the Pact of Steel by declaring neutrality ( which would make the Italians appear cowardly ).

On 25 August 1939, Ribbentrop's influence with Hitler wavered for a moment when the news reached Berlin of the ratification of the Anglo-Polish military alliance and a personal message from Mussolini telling Hitler that Italy would dishonour the Pact of Steel if Germany attacked Poland.

Mussolini's motives were in no way altruistic, but he was instead motivated entirely by a wish to escape the self-imposed trap of the Pact of Steel, which had obligated Italy either to go to war at a time when the country was entirely unprepared or to suffer the humiliation of having to declare neutrality, which make him appear cowardly.

There he repeated in a different form all that he had already said, for all the world as if he had a gramophone fixed in his brain ... When I took leave, he subjected me to an interminable handshake, meanwhile fixing his cold blue eyes on mine, and repeating almost word for word what he said to me on arrival ... I felt I should never be able to establish any human contact with this man " In early June 1940, when Mussolini informed Hitler that he at long last would enter the war on 10 June 1940, Hitler was most dismissive, in private calling Mussolini a cowardly opportunist who broke the terms of the Pact of Steel in September 1939 when the going looked rough, and was only entering the war in June 1940 after it was clear that France was beaten and it appeared that Britain would soon make peace.

Ribbentrop, though he shared Hitler's assessment of the Italians, nonetheless welcomed Italy coming into war partially because it seemed to affirm the importance of the Pact of Steel, which Ribbentrop had negotiated and partly because with Italy now an ally, the Foreign Office had more to do.

* 1939 – World War II: Germany and Italy sign the Pact of Steel.

Shortly after the Franco-British pledge to Poland, Germany and Italy formalised their own alliance with the Pact of Steel.

* May 22 – Germany and Italy sign the Pact of Steel.

At approximately 1830 Central European time, Adolf Hitler postpones Fall Weiss for 5 days, after receiving a message from Benito Mussolini that he will not honor the Pact of Steel if Germany attacks Poland, and because Chamberlain's government has not fallen as a result of the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact.

The " Rome – Berlin Axis " became a military alliance in 1939 under the Pact of Steel, with the Tripartite Pact of 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany and its two treaty-bound allies.

Later, in May 1939, this relationship transformed into an alliance, which Mussolini called the " Pact of Steel ".

Germany and Italy signed the Pact of Steel on May 22.

* Pact of Steel

During World War II, the German leader Adolf Hitler and the Italian leader Benito Mussolini met there to celebrate their Pact of Steel on 18 March 1940.

By 1939, Allied efforts to avert war had failed, and Germany had signed alliances with both Italy ( Pact of Steel ) and the USSR ( Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact ).

This had been made clear during Italo-German negotiations for the Pact of Steel whereby it was stipulated that neither signatory was to make war without the other earlier than 1943.

Viktor Georgiyevich Kulikov (; born July 5, 1921 ) was the Warsaw Pact commander-in-chief from 1977 to 1989.

Membership in International Organizations: The major organizations in which Colombia is a member include: the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, Andean Pact, Caribbean Development Bank, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Group of 3, Group of 11, Group of 24, Group of 77, Inter-American Development Bank, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Chamber of Commerce, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Criminal Police Organization, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Labour Organization, International Maritime Organization, International Maritime Satellite Organization, International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Migration, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, International Trade Union Confederation, Latin American Economic System, Latin American Integration Association, Latin Union, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of American States ( OAS ), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Rio Group, United Nations ( UN ), UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, Universal Postal Union, World Confederation of Labour, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Tourism Organization, and World Trade Organization.

Ribbentrop hoped that the prospect of facing the Tripartite Pact would deter the United States from supporting Britain, but since the Pact was more or less openly directed against the United States ( the Pact made a point of stressing that the unnamed great power it was directed against was not the Soviet Union ), it had the opposite effect on American public opinion than the one intended.

After the negotiated retreat of Soviet troops, Romania, under the new leadership of Nicolae Ceauşescu, started to pursue independent policies, including the condemnation of the Soviet-led 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia ( Romania being the only Warsaw Pact country not to take part in the invasion ), the continuation of diplomatic relations with Israel after the Six-Day War of 1967 ( again, the only Warsaw Pact country to do so ), and the establishment of economic ( 1963 ) and diplomatic ( 1967 ) relations with the Federal Republic of Germany.

Therefore, the V-Force ( by having the capability of precision tactical air medium bombardment ) effectively deterred the armored overrun strategy, of the massed and massive Soviet & Warsaw Pact armies, which ( in theory ), could have overwhelmed the vastly outnumbered NATO ground forces of central Europe in a surprise ground attack ( which did not give away tactical surprise, by use of organic tactical air support ).

The Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance ( 1955 – 1991 ), more commonly referred to as the Warsaw Pact, was a mutual defense treaty between eight communist states of Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War.

The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance ( CoMEcon ), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Eastern Europe.

* August 23 – Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed between Germany and the Soviet Union, a neutrality treaty that also agreed to division of spheres of influence ( Finland, Estonia, Latvia, eastern Poland and Bessarabia ( today Moldova ), north-east province of Romania to the Soviet Union ; Lithuania and western Poland to Germany ).

For example, the Pangalactic Federation in the game Star Ocean: Till the End of Time has a similar law to the Prime Directive called the Underdeveloped Planet Preservation Pact ( UP3 ), violations of which are only mitigated under situations where there is a significant threat to " life and limb.

Regional initiatives included the 1960 Latin American Free Trade Association ( LAFTA ), the 1960 Central American Common Market ( CACM ), the 1965 Caribbean Free Trade Association ( CARIFTA ), and the 1969 Andean Pact.

The Tripartite Pact was subsequently joined by Hungary ( November 20, 1940 ), Romania ( November 23, 1940 ), Slovakia ( November 24, 1940 ), Bulgaria ( March 1, 1941, prior to the arrival of German troops ), Yugoslavia ( March 25, 1941 ), and Croatia ( June 15, 1941 ).

In the mid-20th century, the hegemonic conflict was ideologic, between the Communist Warsaw Pact ( 1955 – 1991 ) and the capitalist NATO ( 1949-present ), wherein each hegemon competed directly ( the arms race ) and indirectly ( proxy wars ) against any country whose internal, national politics might destabilise the respective hegemony.

Regional treaties include the Andean Pact, now known as the Andean Community, which also includes Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru, the bodies and institutions making up the Andean Integration System ( AIS ).

Industrial development had also progressed, stimulated by the new oil wealth as well as Ecuador's preferential treatment under the provisions of the Andean Common Market ( Ancom, also known as the Andean Pact ).

The Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Soviet Union, also known as the Nazi – Soviet Pact and the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact ( after its chief architects, Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop ) was a non-aggression pact, signed in Moscow in the late hours of 23 August 1939, at the height of the Nomonhan fighting in the far east between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan.

It is also known as the Nazi – Soviet Pact, Hitler – Stalin Pact, German – Soviet Non-aggression Pact and sometimes the Nazi – Soviet Alliance.

Becoming the world's second nuclear weapons power, the USSR established the Warsaw Pact alliance and entered into a struggle for global dominance, known as the Cold War, with the United States and NATO.

The 1831 Federal Pact between Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe Provinces opposed a military alliance to the League and ultimately defeated it during 1832, its former members joining the Federal Pact into a loose confederation of Provinces known as the Argentine Confederation.

In the summer of 1858, Cavour met with Napoleon III at Plombières and the two signed a secret agreement, known as the Patto di Plombières (" Pact of Plombières ").

Molotov was the principal Soviet signatory of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact of 1939 ( also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ), after Britain and France repeatedly failed to join the Soviets in an anti-Nazi alliance, was involved in post-war negotiations where he became noted for his diplomatic skills, and knew of the Katyn massacre committed by the Soviet authorities.

Although the treaty is known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, it was Stalin and Hitler, and not Molotov and Ribbentrop, who decided the content of the treaty.

This agreement is also known as the Srimavo-Shastri Pact or the Bandaranaike-Shastri pact ..

* 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact ( also known as the Pact of Paris )

Up until the end of the Cold War, determining realistic orders of battle was generally an orderly but extremely frustrating process for NATO because although the Warsaw Pact nations had well known doctrines, tactics, techniques and procedures, in actuality, the characteristics of Soviet forces fluctuated often, significantly, and changes often went undetected for years at below-division levels.

The Central Treaty Organization ( also referred to as CENTO ( Central Eastern Treaty Organisation ); original name was Middle East Treaty Organization or METO ; also known as the Baghdad Pact ) was formed in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.

* Rio Treaty or Rio Pact of 1947, more formally known as the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance

In 1928, the Kellogg-Briand Pact, known as the General Treaty for the Renunciation of War, said:

After Joseph Stalin signed the Molotov – Ribbentrop Pact with Adolf Hitler in August 1939, Niebuhr severed his past ties with any fellow-traveler organization having any known Communist leanings.

The High Contracting Parties, animated by the purpose of giving conventional form to the postulates of the Resolution approved on December 16, 1933, by all the States represented at the Seventh International Conference of American States, held at Montevideo, which recommended to " the Governments of America which have not yet done so that they sign the ' Roerich Pact ', initiated by the Roerich Museum in the United States, and which has as its object, the universal adoption of a flag, already designed and generally known, in order thereby to preserve in any time of danger all nationally and privately owned immovable monuments which form the cultural treasure of peoples ", have resolved to conclude a treaty with that end in view, and to the effect that the treasures of culture be respected and protected in time of war and in peace, have agreed upon the following articles:

Despite the importance to history of these pressing issues, Chamberlain ’ s reputation chiefly rests on his part in the negotiations over what came to be known as the Locarno Pact of 1925.