The Parlement of Paris instituted criminal charges against the King, who now joined forces with his cousin, the Huguenot, Henry of Navarre, to war against the League.

* Noblesse de robe ( nobility of the robe ): person or family made noble by holding certain official charges, like masters of requests, treasurers, or Presidents of Parlement courts.

To the arrêt of 2 August 1762, by which the Parlement suppressed the Jesuits in France, imposing untenable conditions on any wishing to remain in the country, Clement XIII replied by a protest against the invasion of the Church's rights, and annulled the arrêts.

In these remonstrances, the Parlement, which was made up of privileged aristocrats and ennobled commoners, proclaimed itself the " natural defender of the fundamental laws of the kingdom " against the arbitrariness of the monarchy.

Louis XVI and Brienne took a hostile stance against the parlement's rejection, and Louis XVI had to implement a Lit de justice ( which automatically registered an edict in the Parlement de Paris ) to ratify the desired reforms.

Condé's forces became trapped against the city walls and the Porte St Antoine, which the Parlement refused to open ; he was coming under increasingly heavy fire from the Royalist artillery and the situation looked bleak.

He censored the press, established a large network of internal spies, forbade the discussion of political matters in public assemblies such as the Parlement de Paris ( a court of justice ), and had those who dared to conspire against him prosecuted and executed.

The reign of Francis II, Duke of Brittany is notable in many respects including two wars against Charles VIII of France, both of which were lost, the establishment of the Parlement of Brittany, and the death of all his children save for his daughter Anne of Brittany.

When Damville went into revolt in October 1574 ( aligning with the protestants of lower Languedoc ) he was deprived of his office by the Parlement of Toulouse, and arrests were made of his associates charged with conspiracy against the king.

In volume one of his French Revolution, Thomas Carlyle describes the death of Lally as a judicial murder, reporting that Lally was driven to execution gagged to prevent his crying out against the injustice, and that when Lally's son came of age, he sought to have his father's name cleared in the Parlement de Paris.

In 1762 the Parlement Français, ( a court, not a legislature ), ruled against the Society in a huge bankruptcy case under pressure from a host of groups-from within the Church, but also secular intellectuals and the king's mistress.

The Society had been dissolved by order of the Parlement of Paris, inspired by Jansenist magistrates, against the will of the King.

An amusing anecdote is about Henry III's attending the French Parlement, as Duke of Aquitaine ; however, the King of England was always late because he liked to stop each time he met a priest to hear the mass, so Louis made sure no priest was on the way of Henry III.

The Archives Nationales in Paris preserves only the text of a shorter document modified by concessions extracted from the King by the clergy and the Parlement of Paris, which delayed ten months before finally signing and setting seals to the document in 1599.

In February 1701, the French King caused the Parlement of Paris ( a court ) to register a decree that should Louis himself have no heir then the Duke of Anjou — Phillip V of Spain — would surrender the Spanish throne for that of the French, ensuring dynastic continuity in Europe's greatest land power.

On 22 February 1635, at Richelieu's urging, King Louis XIII granted letters patent formally establishing the body ; according to the letters patent registered at the Parlement de Paris on 10 July 1637, the Académie française was " to labor with all the care and diligence possible, to give exact rules to our language, to render it capable of treating the arts and sciences ".

In February 1701, the French King caused the Parlement of Paris ( a court ) to register a decree that should Louis himself have no heir that the Duc d ' Anjou ( Phillip V of Spain ) would surrender the Spanish throne for that of the French, ensuring dynastic continuity in Europe's greatest land power.

after receiving support in the form of a papal bull of 1531, King James V established a separate institution — the College of Justice or Court of Session — in 1532, with a structure based on that of the Parlement of Paris.

** Droit de remontrance – this was the right of the Parlement de Paris to revoke a law made by a King who had died ; this allowed the parlement and the Regent to withdraw the late kings will without question ;

Louis XV was weak ; his wife and children were in favor of the Jesuits ; his able first minister, the Duc de Choiseul, played into the hands of the Parlement, and the royal mistress, Madame de Pompadour, to whom the Jesuits had refused absolution, for she was living in sin with the King of France, was a determined opponent.

In 1443, following the turmoil of the Hundred Years ' War, King Charles VII of France granted Languedoc its own parlement by establishing the Parlement of Toulouse, the first parlement outside of Paris ; its jurisdiction extended over most of southern France.

The Parlement recognized the King of France and the edict of Nantes was accepted in 1600.

* Sarah Hanley, The ' Lit de Justice ' of the Kings of France: Constitutional Ideology in Legend, Ritual, and Discourse ( 1983 ); details corrected in Mack P. Holt, " The King in Parlement: The Problem of the Lit de Justice in Sixteenth-Century France " The Historical Journal 31. 3 ( September 1988: 507-523 ).

Louis de Saint-Gélais, Sieur de Lansac, Arnaud du Ferrier, president of the Parlement of Paris, and Guy de Faur de Pibrac, royal counsellor, who represented Charles IX at the Council from 26 May 1562, towards the end of the year were joined by the Cardinal Lorraine.

In France, the Parlement de Paris, with its strong upper bourgeois background and Jansenist sympathies, opened the pressure to expel the Jesuits from France in the spring of 1761, and the published excerpts from Jesuit writings, the Extrait des assertions, provided anti-Jesuit ammunition ( though, arguably, many of the statements the Extrait contained were made to look worse than they were through judicious omission of context ).

Though a congregation of bishops assembled at Paris in December 1761 recommended no action, Louis XV of France ( 1715 – 74 ) promulgated a royal order permitting the Society to remain in the kingdom, with the proviso that certain essentially liberalising changes in their institution satisfy the Parlement with a French Jesuit vicar-general who should be independent of the general in Rome.

Marie Antoinette was not directly involved with the exile of the Parlement, the May Edicts or with the announcement regarding the Estates General.

Other famous structures include the Gothic Church of St Maclou ( 15th century ); the Tour Jeanne d ' Arc, where Joan of Arc was brought in 1431 to be threatened with torture ( contrary to popular belief, she was not imprisoned there ); the Church of Saint Ouen ( 12th – 15th century ); the Palais de Justice, which was once the seat of the Parlement ( French court of law ) of Normandy and the Museum of Fine Arts and Ceramics which contains a splendid collection of faïence and porcelain for which Rouen was renowned during the 16th to 18th centuries.

At this time the city became the administrative centre for Franche-Comté, with the Parlement of Besançon, replacing Dole.

Nicolas Fouquet was born in Paris to an influential family of the noblesse de robe and, after some preliminary schooling with the Jesuits at the age of 13, was admitted as avocat at the Parlement of Paris.

His religious convictions on the outbreak of the wars of Wars of Religion in 1562 cannot be determined, but he affirmed formally his Catholic faith, taking an oath that year along with other members of the Parlement.

As Duke of Chartres, he opposed the plans of René de Maupeou in 1771 when Maupeou successfully upheld royal interests in a confrontation with the Parlement de Paris, and was promptly exiled to his country estate of Villers-Cotterêts in the former Picardy province, now in the modern Aisne in northern France.

This period of war is also notable for beginning of Parliamentary Rule in Brittany, marked by the founding of the Estates of Brittany which would work later with the Parlement of Brittany during the reign of Duke Francis II.

The wars with France eventually cost Ducal Brittany is independence, while the Parlement ensured a degree of autonomy that would continue through the reign of Louis XIV of France.

The king had his brother's marriage declared null and void by the Parlement of Paris in September 1634 and, despite the protest of Pope Urban VIII, the Assembly of the French clergy held in September 1635 that a prince du sang could enter matrimony only with permission of the king — consistent with French sovereignty and custom.

Thus, at the death of Gaston, Philippe himself took on the new style of Duke of Orléans and Louis XIV granted Philippe the title officially on 10 May 1661 along with the subsidiary titles duke of Valois and duke of Chartres, all registered peerages with the Parlement de Paris.

** Philippe d ' Orléans had the will of Louis XIV cancelled with the approval of the Parlement de Paris.

In pre-revolutionary France, the president of a Parlement evolved into a powerful magistrate, a member of the so-called noblesse de robe (" nobility of the gown "), with considerable judicial as well as administrative authority.

After receiving his degree, he travelled to Paris ( in 1605-1606, with his patron Guillaume du Vair, president of the Parlement of Provence ), London and Flanders before returning to Aix in 1607 to take over his uncle's position as conseiller in the Parlement of Provence under du Vair.

In 1520, the Parlement of Paris conferred the countship of Guise upon Claude of Lorraine, second son of René II of Lorraine ( the grandson of René I of Naples ) and heir to his French possessions.

Henry III and Louis IX then started a long contest for who was the most faithful ; this evolved to the point that none ever arrived on time to the Parlement, which was then allowed to debate in their absence.

Henry III responded by having the Duke and his brother murdered later that year, whereupon Bussy-Leclerc used the Bastille as a base to mount a raid on the Parlement de Paris, arresting the president and other magistrates, whom he suspected of having royalist sympathies, and detaining them in the Bastille.

Indeed, in January 1599, Henry had to visit the Parlement in person to have the Edict passed.