Methymna had a long-standing rivalry with Mytilene, and during the Peloponnesian War it sided with Athens during the Mytilenaean revolt in 428 BCE when all the other cities of Lesbos sided with Mytilene.

Diogenes Laertius reports the story that he was prosecuted by Cleon for impiety, but Plutarch says that Pericles sent his former tutor, Anaxagoras, to Lampsacus for his own safety after the Athenians began to blame him for the Peloponnesian war.

He was implicated during the Peloponnesian War in the mutilation of the Herms on the eve of the departure of the Athenian expedition against Sicily in 415 BC.

The greatest and longest lasting democratic leader was Pericles ; after his death, Athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolution towards the end of the Peloponnesian War.

In the mid-5th century the number of adult male citizens was perhaps as high as 60, 000, but this number fell precipitously during the Peloponnesian War.

Pay was raised from 2 to 3 obols by Cleon early in the Peloponnesian war and there it stayed ; the original amount is not known.

Karl Beloch has suggested that there was no Dorian invasion, but rather that the Peloponnesian Dorians were the Achaeans.

By 431 BC Athens ' heavy-handed control of the Delian League would prompt the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War ; the League was dissolved upon the war's conclusion in 404 BC.

The Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues signed a peace treaty, which was set to endure for thirty years.

After an interruption caused by the Peloponnesian War, the temple was finished in the time of Nicias ' peace, between 421 BC and 415 BC.

The change in Athenian foreign policy, which was consequent upon the ostracism of Cimon in 461, led to what is sometimes called the First Peloponnesian War, in which the brunt of the fighting fell upon Corinth and Aegina.

At the end of the Peloponnesian War Lysander restored the scattered remnants of the old inhabitants to the island, which was used by the Spartans as a base for operations against Athens in the Corinthian War.

At its mouth was the scene of the decisive battle in 405 by which Lysander destroyed the Athenian fleet, ending the Peloponnesian War.

In the second year of the Peloponnesian War ( 430 BC ), Thucydides described an epidemic disease which was said to have begun in Ethiopia, passed through Egypt and Libya, then come to the Greek world.

) References in Euripides's plays to contemporary events provide a terminus a quo, though sometimes the references might even precede a datable event ( e. g. lines 1074-89 in Ion describe a procession to Eleusis, which was probably written before the Spartans occupied it during the Peloponnesian War ).

However, the Peloponnesian War was on a scale unlike conflicts before.

Hoplite warfare was in decline ; there were three major battles in the Peloponnesian War, and none proved decisive.

The constitution of the town was democratic, which explains why it sided with Athens in the Peloponnesian War.

Megara's defection from the Spartan dominated Peloponnesian League ( c. 460 BC ) was one of the causes of the First Peloponnesian War.

By the terms of the Thirty Years ' Peace of 446-445 BC Megara was returned to the Peloponnesian League.

In the Peloponnesian War ( c. 431 BC-404 BC ), Megara was an ally of Sparta.

In the time of the ancient Greeks, Sparta was an oligarchy that clashed with the democratic city-state of Athens, ( these two nations eventually clashed in the Peloponnesian war in which Sparta defeated Athens causing the city state to rule much of Greece for some time ).

The Peloponnesian War, 431 to 404 BC, was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.

Following the end of the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC, Sparta had embarked upon an aggressively unilateralist policy towards the rest of Greece and quickly alienated many of its former allies.

After routing these ships, the Athenian right bore down on the Peloponnesian center, and, catching them in a state of disorganization, quickly routed them as well.

In the Peloponnesian War Sicyon followed the lead of Sparta and Corinth.

When the Peloponnesian fleet began moving along the south shore of the Corinthian gulf, however, aiming to cross over to Acarnania, the Athenians followed along the north shore and attacked them once they passed out of the Gulf into the open sea and attempted to cross from the south to the north.

Theodectes ( c. 380 to 340 BCE ) was a Greek rhetorician and tragic poet, of Phaselis in Lycia who lived in the period which followed the Peloponnesian War.

Two coups briefly interrupted democratic rule during the Peloponnesian war, both named by the numbers in control: the Four Hundred in 411 BC and the Thirty in 404 BC.

The loose alliance of city states which had fought against Xerxes's invasion had been dominated by Sparta and the Peloponnesian league.

By 454, the Delian League could be fairly characterized as an Athenian Empire ; at the start of the Peloponnesian War, only Chios and Lesbos were left to contribute ships, and these states were by now far too weak to secede without support.

* Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War, translated by Rex Warner ; with an introduction and notes my M. I.

In the Persian war, hoplites faced large numbers of skirmishers and missile-armed troops, and such troops ( e. g. Peltasts ) became much more commonly used by the Greeks during the Peloponnesian War.

In 425 BC, which is about the time that Herodotus is thought by many scholars to have died, the Athenian comic dramatist, Aristophanes, created The Acharnians, in which he blames The Peloponnesian War on the abduction of some prostitutes-a mocking reference to Herodotus, who reported the Persians ' account of their wars with Greece, beginning with the rapes of the mythical heroines Io, Europa, Medea and Helen.

* 1821 – Establishment of the Peloponnesian Senate by the Greek rebels.

" Indeed, the nearly fifty years of Greek history that preceded the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War had been marked by the development of Athens as a major power in the Mediterranean world.

* The Landmark Thucydides: A Comprehensive Guide to the Peloponnesian War, edited by Robert B. Strassler.

* Livius, Peloponnesian League by Jona Lendering

His Hellenica is a major primary source for events in Greece from 411 to 362 BC, and is considered to be the continuation of the History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides, going so far as to begin with the phrase " Following these events ...".

* May 26 – Establishment of the Peloponnesian Senate by the Greek rebels.

* The Spartans, led by King Archidamus II, invade Attica effectively starting the Second Peloponnesian War between the Athenian Empire and the Peloponnesian League.

* April 25 – Athens, full of refugees and weakened by plague and hunger, capitulates and the Peloponnesian War ends.