One notable exception to Napoleon's strategy of annihilation and a precursor to trench warfare were the Lines of Torres Vedras during the Peninsular campaign.

The first recorded use of the name to describe the region, which until then had no officially sanctioned designation, was in 1820 when the name was given in York, Upper Canada by then Lieutenant-Governor Sir Peregrine Maitland, Maitland was a veteran of the British campaign against the French in Spain, called the Peninsular War, during the Napoleonic Wars where he served under the command of Wellington.

Prévost's Quartermaster General, Major General Thomas Sydney Beckwith, was a veteran of the early part of the Peninsular campaign and of operations in Chesapeake Bay in 1813, but even he was to be criticized, mainly for failures in intelligence.

After this he served with great distinction in the Peninsular War under Lannes and Masséna, and showed himself to be a dashing leader of light cavalry in the Russian War of 1812 and the German campaign of the following year.

Serving throughout the French French Revolutionary Wars | Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, MacDonald led major formations in War of the Fifth Coalition | the 1809 campaign against Austria, Peninsular War | in Spain ( 1810 – 1811 ), French invasion of Russia | Russia ( 1812 ), War of the Sixth Coalition | Germany ( 1813 ), and in France ( 1814 ).

Clausel took part in the Peninsular campaigns of 1810 and 1811, including the Torres Vedras campaign, and under Marmont he did excellent service in re-establishing the discipline, efficiency and mobility of the army, which had suffered severely in the retreat from Torres Vedras.

John Clitherow enlisted in the British Army in 1799 and served in the Egyptian campaign of 1801 and in the Peninsular War among other assignments.

He later participated in the Peninsular campaign and saw service in the battles of Gaines ' Mill and Malvern Hill.

After commanding a Neapolitan brigade in the Peninsular campaign, Pepe returned to Italy in 1813, with the rank of general, to help to reorganize the Neapolitan army.

" Fremont-Barnes, in The Napoleonic Wars: The Peninsular War 1807 – 1814, writes that the then British Foreign Secretary Canning: " ... privately condemned Moore's failed campaign in increasingly stronger terms ," while in public he " ... in the great British tradition of characterizing defeat as victory, insisted that although Moore's army had been pushed out of Spain his triumph at the battle of Corunna had left ' fresh laurels blooming upon our brows '.

Together, the three brothers helped to make the Peninsular campaign a success, and in 1812 Wellesley was knighted.

Scholarly studies of the thrusts up the York and James rivers during the Peninsular campaign.

He fought under Napoleon's banners in the Peninsular War and the 1812 Lithuanian campaign.

He served as a general officer in the campaign of Marengo, in the Naples campaign of 1805-1806, and in the Peninsular War from 1807 to 1809.

Land warfare in the East was inconclusive in 1861 – 62, as the Confederacy beat back Union efforts to capture its capital, Richmond, Virginia, notably during the Peninsular Campaign.

The British Army was heavily involved in the Napoleonic Wars in which the army served in multiple campaigns across Europe ( including continuous deployment in the Peninsular War ), the Caribbean, North Africa and later in North America.

The Peninsular War ( nicknamed the Spanish Ulcer ), however, was regarded by Karl Marx, as one of the first national wars, is also significant for the emergence of large-scale guerrilla warfare.

By the time Madison was standing for reelection, the Peninsular War in Spain had spread, while at the same time Napoleon invaded Russia, and the entire continent again descended into war.

Although he was initially successful in starving out Britain, Portugal refused to capitulate, leading to the Peninsular War throughout Spain.

Due to the Peninsular War, the Portuguese court was relocated to Brazil in 1808.

Portugal claims the de jure sovereignty over Olivenza / Olivença on the grounds that the Treaty of Badajoz was revoked by its own terms ( the breach of any of its articles would lead to its cancellation ) when Spain invaded Portugal in the Peninsular War of 1807.

The rescuers are led by Napoleon's General Lasalle ( who was not, however, in command of the French occupation of Toledo ) and this places the action during the Peninsular War, centuries after the height of the Spanish Inquisition and at a time when it had lost much of its power.

This was very unpopular in Spain and resulted in the Peninsular War, a struggle that would contribute to the downfall of Napoleon.

Meanwhile, in the Peninsular War, Arthur Wellesley renewed the Anglo-Portuguese advance into Spain just after New Year in 1812, besieging and capturing the fortified towns of Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, and in the Battle of Salamanca ( which was a damaging defeat to the French ).

Since the 14th century the Deccan ( Southern Peninsular region of India ) was divided into two entities: on the one side stood the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate and on the other stood the Hindu kings rallied around the Vijayanagara Empire.

During the Peninsular War, Badajoz was unsuccessfully attacked by the French in 1808 and 1809 ; but on March 10, 1811, the Spanish commander, José Imaz, was bribed into surrendering to a French force under Marshal Soult.

As the rest of the Balearic Islands, Minorca was not occupied by the French during the Peninsular War, as it was successfully protected by the Royal Navy, this time allied to Spain.

The king had virtually no influence over the course of the ongoing Peninsular War: Joseph's nominal command of French forces in Spain was mostly illusory, as the French commanders theoretically subordinate to King Joseph insisted on checking with Napoleon before carrying out Joseph's instructions.

From colonial times through the mid 19th century, Mérida was a walled city intended to protect the Peninsular and Criollo residents from periodic revolts by the indigenous Maya.

He was also a renowned Portuguese and Spanish scholar, translating a number of works of those two countries into English and writing both a History of Brazil ( part of his planned History of Portugal which was never completed ) and a History of the Peninsular War.

During the Peninsular War, Astorga was besieged by the French Napoleonic troops.

Captain William Cargill, a veteran of the Peninsular War, was the secular leader: Otago citizens subsequently elected him to the office of provincial Superintendent after the provinces were created in 1852.

The Peninsular War was a military conflict between France and the allied powers of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars.

A board wargame called Wellington – The Peninsular War 1812 – 1814 was produced by GMT Games in 2005.

The Peninsular Medal, more properly known as the Army Gold Medal, was issued to senior officers in Wellington's army.

The Peninsular Ranges contain the Laguna Mountains, the San Jacinto Mountains, the Santa Rosa Mountains, the Santa Ana Mountains and the Palomar Mountain Range, notable for its famous Palomar observatory.

However, perhaps the most notable success of the Polish cavalry in that period ( and certainly the best known ) is the Battle of Somosierra, a part of the Peninsular War.

Most notable were the engagements of the Horse Artillery ( Korps Rijdende Artillerie ) at the Battle of Friedland in 1807, the capture of the city of Stralsund in 1807 and 1809 and the participation of the Dutch Brigade in the Peninsular War between 1808 and 1810.

During the Peninsular Wars a notable siege of French occupied Calatayud led to its capture by guerillas in 1811.

Robert Pearson Brereton came from a Norfolk family that produced other notable Victorian engineers Cuthbert A. Brereton ( Sir John Wolfe Barry's partner ) and Robert Maitland Brereton ( chief engineer on part of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway and advocate in the US Congress for the building of irrigation canals in California ).

He is most notable for his distinguished service during the Peninsular War and for his contributions to the development and command of the 95th Rifles.

Medellín () is a village in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain, notable as the birthplace of Hernán Cortés in 1485 and the site of the Battle of Medellín, during the Peninsular War.