The Poles lost 300 soldiers, including many officers.

Although early Pan-Slavism had found interest among some Poles, it soon lost its appeal as the movement became dominated by Russia, and while Russian Pan-Slavists spoke of liberation of other Slavs through Russian actions, parts of Poland had been ruled by the Russian Empire since the Partitions of Poland.

In total, Belarus lost a quarter of its pre-war population in World War II-mainly Poles and Jews-including practically all its intellectual elite.

*: The Statute on Polish Citizenship, as amended in 2000, permits the descendants of Poles who lost their nationality involuntarily between 1920 and 1989 to take up Polish citizenship without regard to ordinary naturalization criteria.

The painting was made at a time when Poland had been partitioned and lost its independence, and memory of this ancient Restorer inspired Poles in the hope for a new one.

Rather, Poles " lost their nerve " and vented their anger on helpless German civilians.

Any hope of real progress by the Poles was then lost.

While Belarusians consider it a reunification of the Belarusian nation under one constituency ( BSSR at that time ), Poles consider it the date when the city was lost.

Both charges were repelled with heavy casualties ( the Poles lost 20 KIA and about 50 wounded, German losses are unknown ).

Over the coming years, private industry was nationalised, the land seized from the pre-war landowners and redistributed to the peasants, and millions of Poles were transferred from the lost eastern territories to the lands acquired from Germany.

On September 2, Poles lost the Battle of Sobota, and on September 4, Swedes captured Łowicz.

On December 13, Poles recaptured Nowy Sącz, soon afterwards Swedes lost Biała, Dukla, Biecz, Wieliczka, and Oświęcim.

There were about 80, 000 Poles living in Romania in 1939, but only about 11, 000 remained in 1949 after Romania lost Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina ( the most important Polish community lived in Czerniowce, now in Ukraine ).

Even though Poland lost Eastern Borderlands as a result of World War Two, Poles still vividly remember those lands.

* Ethnic Germans were favoured in government contracts and only they won them, while Poles always lost.

By the 1960s, monuments could mention that Poles had been lost fighting for their freedom, but not whom.

The Poles are suspicious of the campaign led by Erika Steinbach, a daughter of a German officer in the German forces occupying Poland, made famous for her voting against Oder – Neisse line borders, who seeks reparations for the property lost by Germans expelled by Poland following the Second World War and to create the Centre Against Expulsions.

: A place sanctified with the blood of Poles lost for the freedom of their Homeland.

This was dictated more by political than military concerns, as Poles feared that the Germans, after taking over territories they lost in the Treaty of Versailles, would try to end the war and keep those territories.

Engaged by Bf 109s, two Poles were lost: P / O Waszkiewicz and P / O Mierzwa.

However, the Poles had also lost a large part of their forces and were unable to organise a successful pursuit.

However, Soviets lost the Battle of Warsaw and were pushed back by the Poles.

In reality, the Poles were not only greatly outnumbered, especially after they were deserted by all the Cossacks who had switched sides and joined Bohdan Khmelnytsky, but also their commander, Stefan Potocki, was only 24 years old ; despite that the battle, though eventually lost by the Poles, lasted for nearly three weeks.

# Many Poles living in emigrant communities ( for example in the USA ), whose families left Poland just after World War II, retain a number of minor features of Polish vocabulary as spoken in the first half of the 20th century that now sound archaic, however, to contemporary visitors from Poland.

The number of Poles as a percentage of the total population fell to just 0. 5 % after the reconstitution of Poland in 1918, when many returned home.

A review in The Daily Telegraph argued that the play misrepresented Poles as " just itching for the German invasion as the excuse to give violent vent to their deep-rooted anti-Semitism " and " too often [...] looked like an object lesson in gross simplification.

" Michael Schudrich, the Chief Rabbi of Poland, said the use of the Nazi swastika by vandals was anti-Polish as well as anti-Semitic, and that " Non-Jewish Poles also suffered horribly under the Nazis ... the vast majority of Poles are appalled by what ’ s just happened.

On July 25, 1939, just five weeks before Hitler's invasion of Poland, the Polish General Staff's Cipher Bureau shared its Enigma-decryption methods and equipment with the French and British as the Poles ' contribution to the common defense against Nazi Germany.

Since 2011, Poles have been able to work freely throughout the EU and not just in the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Sweden where they have had limited rights since Poland's EU accession in 2004.

In August the Soviets were defeated by the Poles just outside Warsaw and forced to retreat.

During the German occupation of Poland most of them, just as most Poles, were persecuted for their Polishness.

The Poles were able to follow the whole operation of Budionny's Horse Army in the second half of August 1920 with incredible precision, just by monitoring his radiotelegraphic correspondence with Tukhachevsky, including the famous and historic conflict between the two Russian commanders.

Historian Richard M. Watt writes, " On 5 November 1918, the Poles and the Czechs in the region disarmed the Austrian garrison (...) The Poles took over the areas that appeared to be theirs, just as the Czechs had assumed administration of theirs.

) The Germans have just as much right to declare the Poles and Jews exterminable vermin, subhuman, as we have to select the Germans: in other words, no right, whatever they have done.

However as the parading troops were Piłsudski's Poles instead of Petlura's Ukrainians, the Kievans watched this demonstration of force with great ambivalence, which looked to them just like another occupation army.

We had little access to the real information, so for many Poles – not just me – this defence of Pinochet was across centre-right political parties in Poland and other eastern European countries at that time.

Militiamen just left their position seeing how seemingly easily Poles took the artillery positions.

Some of them refused to fight against blacks, supporting the principles of liberty ; also, a few Poles ( around 100 ) actually joined the rebels ( Władysław Franciszek Jabłonowski was one of the Polish generals ).

The Poles supplied almost 100, 000 men for the invasion-force, but against their expectations, Napoleon avoided any concessions to Poland, having in mind further negotiations with Russia.

2, 100, 000 persons ) ( see Repatriation of Poles ) and Ukrainians residing west of the new border were deported to Soviet Ukraine.

The Polish-Ukrainian animosity grew into Massacres of Poles in Volhynia | ethnic massacres of 1943-44 in which up to 100, 000 Poles died.

A Polish investigation concluded in 2004 that Polish troops had been shot at by members of the German minority and German military intelligence ( Abwehr ) agents ; around 40 – 50 Poles and between 100 to 300 Germans were killed.

Of the major nationalities living in the Brest Voblast, 1, 262, 600 are Belarusians ( 85 %), 128, 700 ( 8. 6 %) are Russians, 57, 100 ( 3. 8 %) are Ukrainians, and 27, 100 ( 1. 8 %) are Poles.

A unit of German organic cavalry from the German 8th Infantry Division countercharged from the hill, but was repelled and the Poles captured the town and took the HQ of the division, together with its commander and about 100 German soldiers.

If the Polish underground killed a German, 50 – 100 Poles were executed as a punishment and as a warning to other Poles.

During 1943 – 1944 ethnic cleansing operations took place in Ukraine ( commonly known as the Massacres of Poles in Volhynia ) which brought about an estimated 100, 000 deaths and an exodus of ethnic Poles from this territory.

More specific estimates indicate that some 100, 000 of those who meet Yad Vashem ’ s criteria, to 300, 000 Poles were directly engaged in rescuing Jews even though the threat of death did act as a deterrent.

But against the expectations of the Poles, who supplied almost 100, 000 troops for the invasion force, and having in mind further negotiations with Russia, he avoided any concessions toward Poland.

* Kazakhstan – between 60, 000 and 100, 000, see also Poles in Kazakhstan.

Of the major nationalities living in the Mahilyow Voblast, 1, 044, 000 inhabitants are Belarusians, 132, 000 are Russians, 3, 500 are Jews, 2, 800 are Poles, 2, 110 are Ukrainians, 1, 700 are Tatars, 1, 300 are Lithuanians, 1, 100 are Armenians, and 1, 070 are Romani.

But the Poles do not feel endangered with this superstition an average Pole eats on Fat Thursday 2, 5 donuts while the whole country eats almost 100 million of them altogether.

The massacres prompted Poles, starting in April 1943, to organize self-defence organizations, 100 of which were formed in Volhynia in 1943.

Paneriai was the site of the Ponary massacre, a mass killing of as many as 100, 000 people ( mostly Jews and Poles ), from Vilnius and nearby towns and villages during World War II.

Between July 1941, and August 1944, Paneriai became the mass murder site of approximately 100, 000 victims, the vast majority of them Jews and Poles, many from nearby Vilnius.

Since the mid-1990s, there has been an Information Center on the site to the Memory of the losses of Operation Overlord, when in summer 1944 more than 100. 000 people died: American, British, German, French, Canadian, Poles and members of other nations.

Staszewski then shocked the audience, singing the song 100 000 000, which was based on Lech Wałęsa's presidential campaign unfulfilled promise that all Poles would be given 100 million złotys.