The issue was acute because the exiled Polish Government in London, supported in the main by Britain, was still competing with the new Lublin Government formed behind the Red Army.

Most Holocaust historians identify six German Nazi extermination camps, all in occupied Poland ; two of them, Chełmno and the Auschwitz II, in the western Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany ( October 1939 ), four in the General Government area.

Some 50, 000 Polish citizens, who after 1920 had been brought into the area by the Polish government after the decision to enlarge the harbour was made, were expelled into the General Government.

Half a million residents of the annexed Polish territories, as well as from Slovenia, Alsace, Lorraine, and Luxembourg were deported to the General Government or sent to Germany as slave labour.

After the Government of the German Reich and the Government of the U. S. S. R. have, by means of the treaty signed today, definitively settled the problems arising from the collapse of the Polish state and have thereby created a sure foundation for a lasting peace in the region, they mutually express their conviction that it would serve the true interest of all peoples to put an end to the state of war existing at present between Germany on the one side and England and France on the other.

Many Polish inhabitants were executed, arrested, expelled to the General Government or used as forced labour ; at the same time many Germans and Volksdeutsche were settled in the city.

The Allies had acknowledged the legitimacy of the Polish Provisional Government of National Unity, which was about to form a Soviet satellite state.

* 1939 – General Władysław Sikorski becomes commander-in-chief of the Polish Government in exile.

During wartime the National Council ( 1939 – 1945 ) was established to represent the legislature as part of the Polish Government in Exile.

With the cessation of hostilities in 1945, and subsequent rise to power of the Communist-baked Provisional Government of National Unity, the Second Polish Republic legally ceased to exist.

* April 5 – The Polish Government and the Solidarity labor union sign an agreement restoring Solidarity to legal status, and agreeing to hold democratic elections on June 1.

The AK coordinated its operations with the exiled Polish Government in London and its activity concentrated on sabotage, diversion and intelligence gathering.

The Armia Ludowa, a Soviet proxy fighting force was another resistance group that was unrelated to the Polish Government in Exile, allied instead to the Soviet Union.

In 2011 however the Polish Government began to withdraw their subsidies, and this has led to protests by people opposed to their closure.

* Poland ( 1944 – 1947 )-The war-time governments under the Polish Committee of National Liberation, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, and the Provisional Government of National Unity.

In Polish Silesia Catholic Church authorities lead by bishop Stanisław Adamski and with agreement from Polish Government in Exile advised Poles to sign up to the Volksliste in order to avoid atrocities and mass murder that happened in other parts of the country

The forcible displacement of Polish nationals from Reichsgau Wartheland was conducted from mid 1940, first across the border to the colonial district of General Government ( see: Action Saybusch ), and after the attack on USSR, to Polenlager camps and other ghettoized villages.

After the Polish Defensive War of 1939, the town was occupied by Nazi Germany, renamed to Tschenstochau, and incorporated into the General Government.

Polish authorities loyal to the London Government tried to negotiate with the Soviets, but without success.

Government sale of lands started in 1837-39, but Rockton Township sale was held until 1843 because of claims made by Polish exiles in 1843 for land previously held by early settlers in and around Rockton and Rockford.

The attempt to do the same with another brother-in-law, the Polish prince Ladislaus the Exile, failed.

* Władysław Anders: An Army in Exile: The Story of the Second Polish Corps, 1981, ISBN 978-0-89839-043-8.

Others: Some subjects fail to fit neatly into any of the these three categories, like the courier to the Polish Government in Exile, Jan Karski.

" An office of the Polish Government in Exile wrote to warn Władysław Sikorski that if the Charter was implemented with regards to national self-determination, it would make the desired Polish annexation of Danzig, East Prussia and parts of German Silesia impossible, which led the Poles to approach Britain asking for a flexible interpretation of the Charter.

The newly established Duchy of Silesia became the ancestral homeland of the Silesian Piasts, descendants of Bolesław's eldest son Władysław II the Exile, who nevertheless saw themselves barred from the succession to the Polish throne and only were able to regain their Silesian home territory with the aid of the Holy Roman Emperor.

He was also awarded the Virtuti Militari by the Polish government in Exile and was decorated by Generał broni Władysław Sikorski on 21 November 1941.

In January 1940 Karski began to organize courier missions with dispatches from the Polish underground to the Polish Government in Exile, then based in Paris.

* The Last Letter From Szmul Zygielbojm, The Bund Representative With The Polish National Council In Exile, 11 May 1943

The Council to Aid Jews operated under the auspices of the Polish Government in Exile through the Government Delegation for Poland, in Warsaw.

It also made numerous efforts to induce the Polish Government in Exile and the Delegatura to appeal to the Polish population to help the persecuted Jews.

Żegota, a Polish World War II resistance organization whose objective was to help Jews during the Holocaust, operated under the auspices of the Polish Government in Exile through the Delegatura, its presence in Warsaw.

Though France insisted on excluding Sanationists from the Polish Government in Exile, many remained highly influential.

Edward Szczepanik, Prime Minister of The Government of the Polish Republic in Exile

* Edward Szczepanik ( 1915 – 2005 ), economist and the last Polish Prime Minister in Exile

* Grand Officer Second Class Polonia Restituta presented by Polish Government in Exile

Shortly before his death, he was honored by the Polish University in Exile with an honorary doctorate for his role in breaking Enigma.

He was prominent in the Polish Government in Exile in London and inspector-general of the Polish forces-in-exile.

While early German tanks, Stuka dive-bombers and concentrated forces were used in the Polish campaign, the majority of the battle was conventional infantry and artillery based warfare and most Luftwaffe action was independent of the ground campaign.

The Polish position is based on the argument that Poland owns a longer coast line than the Danish island of Bornholm.

The following notes are based on interpretations by the Polish historian Gerard Labuda.

The German-language Polish laws are based on the Sachsenspiegel and were written down to aid the judges.

Military efforts after the Partitions were first based on Polish alliances with post-revolutionary France.

In February 2009, the Polish paper Polska wrote that over one third of the Federation top officials were former Nazi activists, and based this on an article published by the German magazine Der Spiegel in 2006.

Statue of the Nurse-a statue in memory of women who fought for the Polish state during the Second World War and in battle for Kołobrzeg, the woman is based on Ewelina Nowak who died in 1945 in the city while trying to save a wounded soldier

The flagship MSP project is the Polish Martian habitat, based on a design by Janek Kozicki.

In an effort to split Polish identity they attempted to establish ethnic divisions of Kashubians and Gorals ( Goralenvolk ), based on these groups ' alleged " Germanic component ".

Their extended architecture is also based on reverse Polish notation.

* It may have been originally Tarnowo, based on the Polish word tarnina, a kind of river plant.

Since Otto III had intentions to renew the Empire based on a federal concept he called " Renovatio Imperii Romanorum ", and within that federal framework, Polish and Hungarian duchies were to be upgraded to eastern federati of the empire it was towards this end that the Emperor placed his Imperial crown on Bolesław I's brow and invested him with the titles frater et cooperator Imperii (" Brother and Partner of the Empire ") and populi Romani amicus et socius.

Latvian in Latin script was first based upon the German alphabet, while the alphabet of the Latgalian dialect was based on the Polish alphabet.

The 18th Reconnaissance Regiment () of the Polish Land Forces is based in Białystok.

Jagiellonia Białystok is a Polish football club, based in Białystok, in the Ekstraklasa League that plays at the Białystok City Stadium.

Hetman Białystok ( formerly known as Gwardia Białystok ) is a Polish football club based in Podlaskie Voivodeship.

Lowlanders Białystok is a football club, based in Białystok, that plays in the Polish American Football League () PLFA I Conference.

Lelewel greatly influenced him, however he clashed with the Polish nationalists over their demand for a historic Poland based on the borders of 1776 ( before the Partitions of Poland ) as he defended the right of autonomy for the non-Polish peoples in these territories.

During the 16th century, mostly two musical groups-both based in Kraków and belonging to the King and Archbishop of Wawel-led the rapid innovation of Polish music.

In 1965 the Syrena received a larger 3 cylinder Wartburg developed engine at roughly the same time as Wartburg launched their new 353 model based on the Polish Warszawa 210.

He treated the Poles with contempt and likened the " slovenly Polish trash " in newly occupied West Prussia to Iroquois, the historic Native American confederacy based in the state of New York.

Polish historians feel the German historiography is based on Nazi German sources, ignoring numerous Polish sources.

In 1938, Polish government announced plans to liquidate Kielce Voivodeship, and create Sandomierz Voivodeship, based on Central Industrial Area.