Variants of the name include: Alfonso ( Italian and Spanish ), Alfons ( Catalan, Dutch, German, Polish and Scandinavian ), Afonso ( Portuguese and Galician ), Affonso ( Ancient Portuguese ), Alphonse, Alfonse ( Italian, French and English ), Αλφόνσος Alphonsos ( Greek ), Alphonsus ( Latin ), Alphons ( Dutch ), Alfonsu in ( Leonese ), Alfonsas ( Lithuanian ).

* Aga, diminutive of the name Agnieszka, the Polish form of Agnes ( name )

The anti-torpedo boat origin of this type of ship is retained in its name in other languages, including French ( contre-torpilleur ), Italian ( cacciatorpediniere ), Portuguese ( contratorpedeiro ), Polish ( kontrtorpedowiec ), Czech ( torpédoborec ), Greek ( antitorpiliko, αντιτορπιλικό ), and Dutch ( torpedobootjager ).

Elbląg is the Polish derivative of the German name Elbing, which was assigned by the Teutonic Knights to the citadel and subsequent town placed by them in 1237 next to the river.

The city was known to the Polish crown by its Polish name Elbląg.

After the expulsion of most of the German population, the city was repopulated and became known under the Polish name Elbląg.

A Polish Kabbalist, writing in about 1630 – 1650, reported the creation of a golem by Rabbi Eliyahu thus: " And I have heard, in a certain and explicit way, from several respectable persons that one man close to our time, whose name is R. Eliyahu, the master of the name, who made a creature out of matter Golem and form tzurah and it performed hard work for him, for a long period, and the name of emet was hanging upon his neck, until he finally removed it for a certain reason, the name from his neck and it turned to dust.

In Polish the modern name of the city is pronounced.

The city's Latin name may be given as either Gedania, Gedanum or Dantiscum ; the variety of Latin names reflects the mixed influence of the city's Polish, German and Kashubian heritage.

The name Glagolitic in Belarusian is глаголіца ( hłaholica ), Bulgarian, Macedonian and Russian глаголица ( glagolica ), Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian glagoljica / глагољица, Czech hlaholice, Polish głagolica, Slovene, Slovak hlaholika, and Ukrainian глаголиця ( hlaholyća ).

Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; Latin: Polonia Maior ) is a historical region of west-central Poland.

The more specific name is first recorded in the Latin form Polonia Maior in 1257, and in Polish (" w Wielkej Polszcze ") in 1449.

The name can be construed as referring to old Poland, as opposed to Lesser ( or Little ) Poland ( Polish Małopolska, Latin Polonia Minor ), a region in southern Poland with its capital at Kraków.

The original name of Cholberg was taken by Polish and Kashubian linguists in the 19th and 20th centuries to reconstruct the name.

His family name was originally written Samenhof, in German orthography ; the spelling Zamenhof reflects the romanization of the Yiddish spelling, as well as the Esperanto and Polish spellings.

The German population was expelled from between 1945 and 1947 and replaced with Poles and, as the medieval Polish name Lignica was considered archaic, the town was renamed Legnica.

Zygmunt Gloger in his work Historical geography of land of ancient Poland ( Geografia historyczna ziem dawnej Polski ) states that according to a Polish custom, whenever a new village was formed next to an older one, the name of the new entity was presented with an adjective little ( or lesser ), while the old village was described as greater.

* Władysław III of Poland and Lithuania ( 1424 – 1444 ), Polish name Władysław Warneńczyk, also king of Hungary, known posthumously as Vladislaus III of Varna

The mazurka, expressing the idea that the nation of Poland, despite lack of political independence, had not disappeared as long as the Polish people were still alive and fighting in its name, soon became one of the most popular patriotic songs in Poland.

The authorities made efforts to Germanize the region, particularly after the founding of Germany in 1871, and from 1886 onwards the Prussian Settlement Commission was active in increasing German land ownership in formerly Polish areas.

The uprising developed into a full-scale war with Russia, but the leadership was taken over by the Polish conservative circles reluctant to challenge the Empire, and hostile to broadening the independence movement's social base through measures such as land reform.

On March 2, 1864, the Russian authority — compelled by the uprising to compete for the loyalty of Polish peasants — officially published an enfranchisement decree in the Kingdom, along the lines of an earlier insurgent land reform proclamation.

Economic and social changes, such as land reform and industrialization, combined with the effects of foreign domination, altered the centuries old social structure of the Polish society.

Catherine the Great extended Russian political control over the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth with actions including the support of the Targowica Confederation, although the cost of her campaigns, on top of the oppressive social system that required lords ' serfs to spend almost all of their time laboring on the lords ' land, provoked a major peasant uprising in 1773, after Catherine legalized the selling of serfs separate from land.

* Ziemia, Polish for " land ", a unit of administration in Poland

Masuria and the Masurian Lake District are known in Polish as Kraina Tysiąca Jezior and in German as Land der Tausend Seen, meaning " land of a thousand lakes.

However, the rapid development ( 8 % of increase of passengers served at Polish airports in 2008 compared to 2007 ) of the unsaturated market and the existence of vast areas of land, not covered by airports within 100 kilometers of journey, allow to assume that many new airports could be necessary to properly serve this land pupulated by appox.

The Polish population of eastern Germany was one of the justifications for the creation of the " Polish corridor " after World War I and the absorption of the land east of the Oder-Neisse line into Poland after World War II.

Furthermore, the newly formed Polish United Workers ' Party created a Ministry of the Recovered Territories that claimed half of the available arable land for state-run collectivized farms.

For example, the bishops were by law members of Polish Senat and the land elected MP's to the Sejmik resp.

* The Polish land of Lebus is incorporated into the German state of Brandenburg, marking the start of Brandenburg's expansion into previously Polish areas ( Neumark ).

* June 28 – 30 – Battle of Berestechko in the Ukraine: The army of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth defeats the Zaporozhian Cossacks in one of the biggest land battles of the century, with some 205, 000 troops in the field.

In 1381, the then 13-year-old Sigismund was sent to Kraków by his eldest half-brother and guardian Wenceslaus, King of Germany and Bohemia, to learn Polish and to become acquainted with the land and its people.

Przemysł II was forced to give the strategic Lesser Polish land of Wieluń ( also known as Ruda ) and to acknowledge Henry IV's overlordship, paying homage to him.

The authorities made efforts to Germanize the region, particularly after the founding of Germany in 1871, and from 1886 onwards the Prussian Settlement Commission was active in increasing German land ownership in formerly Polish areas.

The Divisional Headquarters for the 1st Airborne Division, with the 1st Airlanding Brigade and the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade were to land at Nijmegen, 1st Parachute Brigade was to land at Arnhem, and 4th Parachute Brigade was to land at Grave.

It was the stated policy of the Nazis to kill, deport, or enslave the Polish, Ukrainian, Russian, and other Slavic populations, whom they considered inferior, and to repopulate the land with Germanic people.

From the mid-nineteenth century on, the county was settled by European Americans, primarily including many German, and later, Polish immigrants.

Luzerne County is the only county in the United States with a plurality of citizens reporting Polish as their primary ancestry ; the majority of Pennsylvanians report German or Pennsylvania Dutch.

The county was organized in 1833 and named for Kazimierz Pułaski, a Polish patriot who died fighting in the American Revolution.

The county is named for Count Casimir Pulaski, a Polish volunteer who saved George Washington's life during the American Revolutionary War.

The district has partnership with the Polish county Namysłów in the Opole Voivodeship, officially since 2000, however the first contacts date back to 1998.

Slovakia joined the Axis, and the Polish part of Spiš ( together with the Polish part of the county of Orava ) was transferred to Slovakia.

English county name, Polish county name, capital city

English county name, Polish county name, capital city

English county name, Polish county name, capital city

While most of the former German territory east of the Oder-Neisse line became Polish, Pölitz remained a Soviet-administered exclave: Marshal Zhukov decreed the establishment of a Soviet county with Pölitz, Ziegenort, Jasenitz, Messenthin and Scholwin.

English county name, Polish county name, capital city

English county name, Polish county name, capital city

A powiat ( pronounced ; Polish plural powiaty ) is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4 ) in other countries.

These are called city counties ( Polish powiaty grodzkie, or more formally miasta na prawach powiatu, meaning " towns with the rights of a powiat ") and have roughly the same status as former county boroughs in the UK.

In 1880, Tile Manufacture was founded, which today is known as “ Opoczno S. A .” In 1919 Opoczno and its county became part of Kielce Voivodeship, and on April 1, 1938, it was transferred to Lodz Voivodeship ( see Territorial changes of Polish Voivodeships on April 1, 1938 ).

Before that and during the Second Polish Republic Nowy Sącz was a county seat in the Kraków Voivodeship.

In the Second Polish Republic Radzyń was the seat of a county in Lublin Voivodeship.

Between September and December 1940, the Nazi authorities deported 17, 413 – 20, 000 Polish inhabitants from around Żywiec county in the so-called Action Saybusch conducted by Wehrmacht and Gestapo.