Most rubrics, even in books of the seventeenth century and later, such as the Pontificale Romanum, continued to envisage the altar as free-standing.

While " minor excommunication " could be incurred by associating with an excommunicate, and " major excommunication " could be imposed by any Catholic bishop, " anathema " was imposed by the Pope in a specific ceremony described in the Pontificale Romanum.

Thus, the Fraternity uses the Roman Missal, the Roman Breviary, the Pontifical ( Pontificale Romanum ), and the Roman Ritual in use in that year, the last editions before the revisions that followed the Council.

* The " Rituale " and " Pontificale " have contents similar to those of Roman books of the same name, though of course the early Manuscripts are less ample.

Ealdred had returned to England by 1055, and brought with him a copy of the Pontificale Romano-Germanicum, a set of liturgies, with him.

Along with the Pontificale, Ealdred may have brought back from Cologne the first manuscript of the Cambridge Songs to enter England, a collection of Latin Goliardic songs which became famous in the Middle Ages.

* December 24 – At the start of the Holy Year, Charles Gounod's Inno e Marcia Pontificale is adopted as the new papal anthem.

Gounod's Marche Pontificale was first performed in this new role during a ceremony on Christmas Eve of 1949, one day before the opening of the Holy Year 1950.

*" Pontificale Mediolanensis Ecclesiæ "; Chapter Library, Milan ; ninth century.

*" Pontificale Mediolanensis Ecclesiæ "; Chapter Library, Milan ; eleventh century.

On 6 February 2008, the Holy See's newspaper, L ' Osservatore Romano, published a note by the Vatican Secretariat of State, announcing that, with reference to the dispositions of the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum, Pope Benedict XVI had decided to amend the Good Friday prayer for the Jews contained in the Roman Missal of 1962, and decreeing that the amended text " must be used, beginning from the current year, in all celebrations of the Liturgy of Good Friday according to the aforementioned Missale Romanum ".

It contains all of the services which may be performed by a priest or deacon which are not contained within either the Missale Romanum or the Brevarium Romanum.

Pope Paul VI promulgated the revised rite of Mass with his Apostolic Constitution Missale Romanum of 3 April 1969, setting the first Sunday of Advent at the end of that year as the date on which it would enter into force.

The vernacular was used in the rite of the Roman Liturgy only among certain Roman Rite Slavs of Croatia and Dalmatia, for example in the so-called Missale Romanum Glagolitice.

The Rituale Romanum is probably most famous for its rite of Exorcism made famous by the 1973 horror film The Exorcist.

As munera grew larger and more popular, open spaces such as the Forum Romanum were adapted ( as the Forum Boarium had been ) as venues in Rome and elsewhere, with temporary, elevated seating for the patron and high status spectators ; they were popular but not truly public events:

* Imperium Romanum Sacrum, the Latin name for the Holy Roman Empire

His entry in the Martyrologium Romanum for 19 May reads as follows:

* Video games: Secret of Mana and its successor Secret of Evermore ( where the menu was used to accelerate the pacing of combat ), Seiken Densetsu 3, America's Army 3, Habitat, Beyond Good & Evil, Full Throttle, The Curse of Monkey Island, Neverwinter Nights, Normality, The Sims, Perfect Dark, Planescape: Torment, Sacrifice, Saints Row, Saints Row 2, Second Life, Battlefield 2, Freedom Fighters, Ratchet & Clank, Silver, The Temple of Elemental Evil, Crysis, Mass Effect, Warzone 2100, Halo Wars, The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth, Max Payne 3, Trauma Center, Brütal Legend, Operation Flashpoint: Dragon Rising, Dragon Age: Origins, Prototype, Cortex Command, Imperium Romanum

* In Rome, Lucius Cornelius Balbus receives the honor of a triumph on the Forum Romanum, for his victories over the Garamantes in Africa.

John Selby Watson, 1853 ( Books 14 – 18, 22 – 39 from this site with links for the other books to the Forum Romanum site above.

During the Middle Ages, though the memory of the Forum Romanum persisted, its monuments were for the most part buried under debris, and its location was designated the " Campo Vaccino " or " cattle field ," located between the Capitoline Hill and the Colosseum.

It provides for the eight historical offices in one volume, but does not include the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which was bound along with many editions of the Breviarium Romanum.

After completing his studies at the Collegium Romanum, he lived for some time at Orvieto, where he was engaged in teaching and palaeographical studies.

When Pope Paul VI issued the Missale Romanum of 1969, the only prayer for the Jewish people in the Roman liturgy was completely revised for Good Friday to reflect a renewed understanding of the Jews as God ’ s chosen people, “ first to hear the word of God .”

In 1988, Pope John Paul II gave permission for the Mass to be celebrated according the Missale Romanum of 1962 only as a pastoral provision to assist Catholics who remained attached to the previous rites, thereby hoping to develop closer bonds with the family of the Church.

Before the Forum Romanum, the Comitium was the first designated spot for all political and judicial activity and the earliest place of public assembly in the city.

The maniple is still required for the celebration of the 1962 Missale Romanum in accordance with the 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum.

* Imperium Romanum ( 1996 ) for MS-DOS.

Imperium Romanum II for instance, features a " Taxation and Mobilization Phase " in every third turn ( month ), which does not occur in the other turns.

The official such book for the Roman Rite is the Roman Gradual ( in Latin, Graduale Romanum ).

The Rituale Romanum used to be the only text the Church would allow for a valid Exorcism, and although newer texts are permitted, it is still the most commonly used among exorcists, although today a vernacular translation is commonly used.

And new texts, taken from the Missale Romanum, have been added in the appendix for solemn blessings and the penitential acts.

A rich and festive Doric order was employed for the Basilica Aemilia on the Forum Romanum at Rome ; enough of it was standing for Giuliano da Sangallo to make a drawing, c 1520, reconstructing the facade ( Codex Vaticano Barberiniano Latino 4424 ); the alternation of the shallow libation dishes called paterae with bucrania in the metopes reinforce the solemn sacrificial theme.

Leaders of the Jewish resistance were executed in the Forum Romanum, after which the procession closed with religious sacrifices at the Temple of Jupiter.

The road began in the Forum Romanum, passed through the Servian Wall at the porta Capena, went through a cutting in the clivus Martis, and left the city.

This route started at the Campus Martius, led through the Circus Maximus and around the Palatine Hill ; immediately after the Arch of Constantine, the procession would turn left at the Meta Sudans and march along the Via Sacra to the Forum Romanum and on to the Capitoline Hill, passing both the Arches of Titus and Septimius Severus.

Symmachus sought to preserve the traditional religions of Rome at a time when the aristocracy was converting to Christianity, and led an unsuccessful delegation of protest against Gratian, when he ordered the Altar of Victory removed from the curia, the principal meeting place of the Roman Senate in the Forum Romanum.

These public treasures were deposited in the temple of Saturn at the Forum Romanum, on the eastern slope of the Capitoline Hill.

He studied at Rome under Lorenzo Valla, whom he succeeded in 1457 as professor of eloquence in the Gymnasium Romanum.

Still less credible is that the carved stone members labelled Milliarium Aureum at the northwest end of the Forum Romanum today actually belonged to the base of that monument.

* Francis Brenders, " The Basilica Aemilia on the Forum Romanum at Rome

There are at least two other important papal bulls with the title Decet Romanum Pontificem: one dated February 23, 1596, issued by Pope Clement VIII, and one dated March 12, 1622, issued by Pope Gregory XV.