He is generally considered a world conquest military genius, given his successful strategy: he attempted to close all the Indian Ocean naval passages to the Atlantic, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and to the Pacific, transforming it into a Portuguese mare clausum established over the Ottoman power and their Muslim and Hindu allies .< ref >

In 1624 France attempted to settle in the area, but was forced to abandon it in the face of hostility from the Portuguese, who viewed it as a violation of the Treaty of Tordesillas.

For a brief period in the 1790s the British attempted to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama, but by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory.

* 1908 – Members of the Portuguese Republican Party fail in their attempted coup d ' état against the administrative dictatorship of Prime Minister João Franco.

* April 6 – The Portuguese government declares martial law in Madeira and in the Azores because of an attempted military takeover in Funchal.

** The U. N. announces that Portuguese navy and army units were responsible for the attempted invasion of Guinea.

This same civil war between the Muslims prevented a re-capture of Ceuta from the Portuguese, when Muhammad IX, the Left-Handed King of Granada, laid siege to Ceuta and attempted to coordinate the forces in Morocco and attempted to get aid and assistance for the effort from Tunis.

A Portuguese expedition may have attempted to colonize the Canary Islands as early as 1336, but Castile objected to any claim by the Portuguese to the Canary Islands.

On land he again defeated the Moors, who attempted to retake Ceuta in 1418 ; but in an expedition to Tangier, undertaken in 1437 by King Edward ( 1433 – 1438 ), the Portuguese army was defeated, and could only escape destruction by surrendering as a hostage Prince Ferdinand, the king's youngest brother.

Oliveira Salazar attempted to resist this tide and maintain the integrity of the Portuguese empire.

" " eaceful trade became the rule all along the African coast ", although there were some rare exceptions when acts of aggression led to violence ; for instance Portuguese traders attempted to conquer the Bissagos Islands in 1535, which was followed in 1571 when Portugal, supported by the Kingdom of Kongo, was able to capture the south-western region of Angola in order to secure its threatened economic interest in the area.

In 1624 France attempted to settle in the area of modern day French Guiana, but was forced to abandon it in the face of hostility from the Portuguese, who viewed it as a violation of the Treaty of Tordesillas.

From the 16th century the Portuguese Jesuits attempted to forcefully bring the community fully into the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church.

A civil war between supporters of East Timorese political parties, Fretilin and the UDT, broke out in 1975 as UDT attempted a coup which Fretilin resisted with the help of local Portuguese military.

In order to counter this, the ex-monarch entered into direct negotiations with Miguel's representatives: he attempted to fix himself as rightful King and re-recognize the descendants of Miguel as secondary heirs to the throne of Portugal, thereby reestablishing their rights and Portuguese citizenship.

In the Portuguese Constitutional Charter, Pedro attempted to reconcile absolutists and liberals by allowing both factions a role in the government.

The Portuguese, invaded the city of Bushehr in 1506 CE and attempted to take the place of the Egyptian and the Vinecian traders who were dominant in the region.

After the Treaty of Tilsit of July 1807, Napoleon attempted to capture the Portuguese Fleet and the House of Braganza, and to occupy the Portuguese ports.

The Muslim merchants believed that they were about to lose both their trading opportunities and livelihoods, and attempted to sway the Hindu ruler against the Portuguese.

The Dutch and later the Portuguese attempted several times to conquer Palmares, until an army led by famed São Paulo-born Domingos Jorge Velho managed to destroy the great quilombo and kill Zumbi in 1695.

Portugal continues to claim Olivenza / Olivença, asserting that under the Vienna Treaty of 1815, Spain recognized the Portuguese claims as " legitimate ".

By some accounts, Fernão Pires de Andrade simply died while imprisoned ; others say Andrade was one of those beheaded when a crime of false credentials was placed upon him after a court examined if his embassy was legitimate or spurious due to negative accounts of the Portuguese ( i. e. acts committed by those such as Fernão Pires ' brother Simào ).

The absolutist party of the landowners and the Church, however, were not satisfied with this compromise, and they continued to regard Miguel as the legitimate successor to the throne on the grounds that according to the Portuguese succession rules ( approved by the Cortes after the 1640 Restoration ), Pedro had lost the right to the Portuguese crown, and therefore to choose a successor, when he took possession of a foreign crown ( Brazil ).

Peter's legitimate son, future King Ferdinand I of Portugal, was a frail child, whereas Peter and Inês's illegitimate children were thriving ; this created even more discomfort among the Portuguese nobles, who feared the increasing Castilian influence over Peter.

* From 22 October 1383 until 6 April 1385, the Portuguese Interregnum, a result of the succession crisis caused by the death of Ferdinand I without a legitimate heir.

Traditionally, the only way in which a bastard child of a Portuguese monarch could have been made legitimate and take his or her place in the line of succession was if his or her parents subsequently were married.

Additionally, the accommodation with the Portuguese contributed to the demise of the tribute-trade system, which increased opportunities for legitimate Chinese traders as well.

The cost of illegal activity made the Wokou unable to compete with the Portuguese and drove the Wokou back into legitimate seafaring activities.

Portuguese viceroy Afonso de Albuquerque ( 1509 – 1515 ) resolved to consolidate Portuguese holdings in Africa and Asia, and secure control of trade with the East Indies and China.

Under the Saadi dynasty, Morocco would consolidate power and fight off Portuguese and Ottoman invaders, as in the battle of Ksar el Kebir.

His troops were the largest component in the army the Portuguese used to make conquests and to consolidate their rule in the Dembos area to the north.

Hong Kong interests loudly protest limiting their exports to Britain, while Spanish and Portuguese textiles pour into British market unrestrictedly.

The Portuguese revere him as a hero, both on account of his personal character and as the mythical founder of their nation.

* 1542 – Turkish-Portuguese War ( 1538-1557 ) – Battle of Wofla: the Portuguese are scattered, their leader Christovão da Gama is captured and later executed.

From then on, the Portuguese were infrequent visitors to the islands preferring to buy their nutmeg from traders in Malacca.

Maintaining their independence, the Bandanese never allowed the Portuguese to build a fort or a permanent post in the islands.

Shortly before 1951, Lewis Fry Richardson, in researching the possible effect of border lengths on the probability of war, noticed that the Portuguese reported their measured border with Spain to be 987 km, but the Spanish reported it as 1214 km.

69. 4 % spoke English, 6. 9 % Spanish, 3. 2 % Chinese or Mandarin, 3. 0 % Portuguese, 2. 9 % French Creole, 2. 3 % French, 1. 5 % Korean, and 1. 0 % Italian as their first language.

Even though slaves outnumbered the Portuguese colonists, the lack of weapons, the colonial law, the disagreement between slaves coming from different African cultures and their complete lack of knowledge about the land and its surroundings would usually discourage the idea of a rebellion.

Al-Ghazi's forces and their Ottoman allies came close to extinguishing the ancient Ethiopian kingdom, but the Abyssinians managed to secure the assistance of Cristóvão da Gama's Portuguese troops and maintain their domain's autonomy.

This population and their descendants were major influences on the culture of English, French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish New World colonies.

When Napoleon I ordered the invasion of Portugal in 1807 because it refused to join the Continental System, the Portuguese Braganças moved their capital to Rio de Janeiro to avoid the fate of the Spanish Bourbons ( Napoleon I arrested them and made his brother Joseph king ).

During his trip, a tempest forced him to stop on an island near Guangzhou, China where he saw the rich merchant Diogo Pereira, an old friend from Cochin, who showed him a letter from Portuguese being held prisoners in Guangzhou asking for a Portuguese ambassador to talk to the Chinese Emperor in their favor.

France negotiated Guinea's present boundaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the British for Sierra Leone, the Portuguese for their Guinea colony ( now Guinea-Bissau ), and Liberia.

After several days of fierce fighting, the Portuguese forces retreated without achieving most of their goals.

Portuguese forces and civilians increasingly were confined to their garrisons and larger towns.

As the Portuguese extended their influence around the coast, Mauritania, Senegambia ( by 1445 ) and Guinea, they created trading posts.

Although these continental European powers controlled various coastal regions of southern and eastern India during the ensuing century, they eventually lost all their territories in India to the British islanders, with the exception of the French outposts of Pondicherry and Chandernagore, the Dutch port of Travancore, and the Portuguese colonies of Goa, Daman and Diu.

During the first five years of Humayun's reign, these two rulers were quietly extending their rule, although Sultan Bahadur faced pressure in the east from sporadic conflicts with the Portuguese.

Henry was 21 when he, his father and brothers captured the Moorish port of Ceuta in northern Morocco, that had long been a base for Barbary pirates who raided the Portuguese coast, depopulating villages by capturing their inhabitants to be sold in the African slave market.

Later, maize ( corn ) and cassava ( manioc ) would be introduced to the region via trade with the Portuguese at their ports at Luanda and Benguela.

Rival European powers began to make inroads in Asia as the Portuguese and Spanish trade in the Indian Ocean declined primarily because they had become hugely over-stretched financially due to the limitations on their investment capacity and contemporary naval technology.