Arminianism is based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius ( 1560 – 1609 ) and his historic supporters known as the Remonstrants and is known as a soteriological sect of Protestant Christianity.

This traditional attribution of the Creed to Athanasius was first called into question in 1642 by Dutch Protestant theologian G. J.

Not only did he fight for the Protestant cause as a preacher and theologian, but he was almost the only member of Luther's party who was able to confront the Roman Catholics with the weapon of literary satire.

The German Protestant theologian Martin Luther saw a parallel between Paul and Christ in their work of reconciliation, which is also in fact contained within the concept of Christian Grace.

John Calvin (, born: 10 July 150927 May 1564 ) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation.

Servetus was a Spanish physician and Protestant theologian who boldly criticised the doctrine of the Trinity and paedobaptism ( infant baptism ).

Caspar ( or Kaspar ) Schwen ( c ) kfeld von Ossig ( 1489 or 1490 – 10 December 1561, Ulm ) was a German theologian, writer, and preacher who became a Protestant Reformer and spiritualist, one of the earliest promoters of the Protestant Reformation in Silesia.

Moïse Amyraut, Latin Moyses Amyraldus ( Bourgueil, September 1596 – January 8, 1664 ), in English texts often Moses Amyraut, was a French Protestant theologian and metaphysician.

Nicolaus von Amsdorf ( 3 December 1483 – 14 May 1565 ) was a German theologian and Protestant reformer.

Such exemplary saints include martyrs, confessors of the Faith, evangelists, or important biblical figures such as Saint Matthew, the Lutheran theologian and martyr to the Nazis, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Salvation Army Founder William Booth, African missionary David Livingstone and Methodism's revered founder John Wesley are among many cited as Protestant saints.

** German Protestant theologian Gerhard Kittel is arrested by the French forces in Tübingen, Germany.

** Karl Barth, German Protestant theologian ( b. 1888 )

* February 9 – Langdon Brown Gilkey, American Protestant ecumenical theologian ( d. 2004 )

* November 28 – Georg Major, German Protestant theologian ( b. 1502 )

** Karl Barth, Swiss Protestant theologian ( d. 1968 )

** Moses Amyraut, French Protestant theologian ( d. 1664 )

* June 19 – Philipp van Limborch, Dutch Protestant theologian ( d. 1712 )

* December 19 – Andreas Osiander, German Protestant theologian ( d. 1552 )

* August 10 – Kaspar Olevianus, German Protestant theologian ( d. 1587 )

* April 30 – Philipp van Limborch, Dutch Protestant theologian ( b. 1633 )

* May 14 – Lelio Sozzini, Italian Protestant theologian ( b. 1525 )

* October 17 – Andreas Osiander, German Protestant theologian ( b. 1498 )

Philipp Melanchthon ( February 16, 1497 – April 19, 1560 ), born Philipp Schwartzerdt, was a German reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems.

Roger Williams ( c. 1603 – between January and March 1683 ) was an English Protestant theologian who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state.

He also was involved in the fruitless negotiations with the Protestant theologians, including Philipp Melanchthon, that took place at Augsburg ; Eck with Wimpina and Cochlæus met the Lutherans in August.

The Passion continued to be very popular in Protestant Germany in the 18th century, with Bach's second son Carl Philipp Emanuel composing over twenty settings.

The blacklisting of some Protestant scholars even when writing on subjects a modern reader would consider outside the realm of dogma meant that, unless they obtained a dispensation, obedient Catholic thinkers were denied access to the botanist Conrad Gesner's Historiae animalium or the botanical works of Otto Brunfels, those of the medical scholar Janus Cornarius, to Christoph Hegendorff or Johann Oldendorp on the theory of law, Protestant geographers and cosmographers like Jacob Ziegler or Sebastian Münster, as well as anything by Protestant theologians like Martin Luther, John Calvin or Philipp Melancthon.

Rogers matriculated at the University of Wittenberg on 25 November 1540, where he remained for three years, becoming a close friend of Philipp Melanchthon and other leading figures of the early Protestant Reformation.

Oecolampadius was considered to be a brilliant Protestant theologian, who conversed with Johannes Eck, Philipp Melanchthon and was Professor of theology at the University of Basel.

* February 17-Johann Philipp Gabler, German Protestant theologian ( born 1753 )

Philipp Konrad Marheineke ( May 1, 1780, Hildesheim – May 31, 1846, Berlin ), was a German Protestant church leader within the Evangelical Church in Prussia.

Johann Philipp Gabler ( June 4, 1753 – February 17, 1826 ) was a German Protestant Christian theologian of the school of Johann Jakob Griesbach and Johann Gottfried Eichhorn.

Philipp Melanchthon ( 1497 – 1560 ), the prime mover in building the German school system and a chief figure in the Protestant Reformation, helped establish its direction.

* Philipp Melanchthon, Protestant reformer

Philipp Melanchthon ( February 16, 1497 – April 19, 1560 ), born Philipp Schwartzerdt, was a German reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems.

The scholarly work of Professor Philipp Melanchthon of the University of Wittenberg played a crucial role in the Protestant Reformation.

According to Philipp Melanchthon, writing in 1546, Luther " wrote theses on indulgences and posted them on the church of All Saints on 31 October 1517 ", an event now seen as sparking the Protestant Reformation.

The Philipp University of Marburg (), was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philip I of Hesse ( usually called the Magnanimous, although the updated meaning ' haughty ' is sometimes given ) as the world's oldest university dating back to a Protestant foundation.

Below it were niches containing statues of the Protestant reformers Martin Luther and Philipp Melanchthon.

The leading Protestant reformers of the time attended at the behest of Philipp I of Hessen.

After the Diet of Speyer had confirmed the edict of Worms, Philipp I felt the need to reconcile the diverging views of Martin Luther and Ulrich Zwingli in order to develop a unified Protestant theology.