With the coronation of Frederick I in 1701 as king ( in Königsberg ), Berlin became the new capital of the Kingdom of Prussia ( instead of Königsberg ); this was a successful attempt to centralize the capital in the very outspread Prussian Kingdom, and it was the first time the city began to grow.

During the Siege of Paris in 1871, the North German Confederation, supported by its allies from southern Germany, formed the German Empire with the proclamation of the Prussian king Wilhelm I as German Emperor in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, to the humiliation of the French, who ceased to resist only days later.

Emperor Wilhelm I declined this: " This was also the day of the first Prussian coronation of the king, which should not fall into the shadow of a united German holiday.

However in 1845, after receiving a request from the Prussian king, the French government agreed to shut down Vorwärts !, and furthermore, Marx himself was expelled from France by the interior minister François Guizot.

This was the first time that the duchy had a monarch who had no claim to inheritance of the medieval patrimony ( as lineages through his mother and wife had a better entitled claimant, the Prussian king himself ).

William III, king of the Netherlands, which still had sovereignty over Luxembourg, was willing to sell the grand duchy to France's Emperor Napoleon III in order to retain Limbourg but backed out when Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck expressed opposition.

In April 1849, the Frankfurt Parliament offered the title of Emperor to the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm IV.

The Prussian king, fearing the opposition of the other German princes and the military intervention of Austria and Russia, refused to accept this popular mandate.

The public release of the Ems Dispatch, which played up alleged insults between the Prussian king and the French ambassador, inflamed public opinion on both sides.

Ten days earlier, the German states had proclaimed their union under the Prussian king, uniting Germany as a nation-state, the German Empire.

In August 1806, the Prussian king, Friedrich Wilhelm III decided to go to war independently of any other great power except the distant Russia.

At the behest of the Prussian king, Blücher was to discharge the soldiers who came from the annexed territories, but Frederick Augustus ’ men had not yet made their departure, and the Saxon soldiers rioted over it.

There was a feeling that Prussian policies were too ruthless both against the country and the king.

This created a difficult situation for the poet-bishop who, while a friend of the Polish king, maintained close relations with the Prussian king.

A Prussian king first set foot on the Rhine in 1609 by the occupation of the Duchy of Cleves and about a century later Upper Guelders and Moers also became Prussian.

Lesser Prussian Treasurer Jan Dulski representing the Crown Marshall Andrzej Opaliński proclaimed him to be the king.

Luxembourg became a Grand-Duchy in personal union with the Netherlands and stayed a member of the German Confederation, being garrisoned by Prussian troops on behalf of the Dutch king.

After the Prussian king Frederick the Great had invaded Silesia, Bielsko remained with the Habsburg Monarchy as part of Austrian Silesia according to the 1742 Treaty of Breslau.

Usedom was annexed by Sweden after the war for almost a century, until in 1720 it was sold for 2 million thalers to the Prussian king Frederick William I.

In 1833, for the arrival of the steamboat Hercules during its Imperial Russian chronometer expedition, the Prussian king, Frederick William III-Rügen was now Prussian-had a landing stage and flight of steps built.

On the same day as Katzbach, Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg, the commander of the Austrian force of over 200, 000 men of the Austrian Army of Bohemia ( and accompanied by the Austrian emperor, the Russian tsar and the Prussian king ), attacked Saint-Cyr.

Throughout the reign of the Prussian king Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia ( 1688 – 1740 ) the unit was known as the " Potsdamer Riesengarde " (" giant guard of Potsdam ") in German, but the Prussian population quickly nicknamed them the Lange Kerls (" long guys ").

* 1757 – Seven Years ' War: Battle of Leuthen – Frederick II of Prussia leads Prussian forces to a decisive victory over Austrian forces under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine.

When the Austro-Prussian War broke out in 1866, Albert then Crown Prince ( German: Kronprinz ), took up the command of the Saxon forces opposing the Prussian Army of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia.

The May Uprising was crushed by Saxon and Prussian troops and Frederick was able to return after only a few days.

Die Proklamation des Deutschen Kaiserreiches by Anton von Werner ( 1877 ), depicting the proclamation of the foundation of the German Reich ( 18 January 1871, Palace of Versailles ). Left, on the podium ( in black ): Crown Prince Frederick ( later Frederick III, German Emperor | Frederick III ), his father Emperor William I, German Emperor | William I, and Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden | Frederick I of Baden, proposing a toast to the new emperor. Centre ( in white ): Otto von Bismarck, first Chancellor of Germany, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Prussian Chief of Staff.

By the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, Frederick had assigned the military order of the Teutonic Knights to complete the conquest and conversion of the Prussian lands.

* 1757 – Battle of Kolín between Prussian forces under Frederick the Great and an Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Count Leopold Joseph von Daun in the Seven Years ' War.

The King's brother Prince William ( the future King and Emperor William I ) had fled to England, and Bismarck intrigued with William's wife Augusta to place their teenage son ( the future Frederick III ) on the Prussian throne in King Frederick William IV's place — Augusta would have none of it, and detested Bismarck thereafter, although Bismarck did later help to restore a working relationship between the King and his brother, who were on poor terms.

Frederick William IV introduced the Pickelhaube for use by the majority of Prussian infantry on October 23, 1842 by a royal cabinet order.

Upon Sophia's death, her eldest son Elector George Louis of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( 1660 – 1727 ) became heir presumptive in her place, and weeks later, succeeded Queen Anne as George I. Sophia's daughter Sophia Charlotte of Hanover ( 1668 – 1705 ) married Frederick I of Prussia, from whom the later Prussian Kings descend.

In 1742, most of Silesia was seized by King Frederick the Great of Prussia in the War of the Austrian Succession and subsequently made the Prussian Province of Silesia.

In 1732 King Frederick William I of Prussia used these horses and other imports to establish the Trakehnen Stud at the East Prussian town Trakehnen ( now Yasnaya Polyana, Russia ).

** Seven Years ' War – Battle of Leuthen: Frederick defeats Prince Charles's Austrian army in what is generally considered the Prussian king's greatest tactical victory.

Frederick II of Prussia was elated with his success ; Prussia took most of the Polish Royal Prussia that stood between its possessions in the Kingdom of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg, taking Ermland ( Warmia ), Royal Prussia without the city of Danzig ( Gdańsk ) ( which in 1773 became a new province called West Prussia ), northern areas of Greater Poland along the Noteć River ( the Netze District ), and parts of Kuyavia, ( also the Prussian city of Thorn ).

Frederick acted on the defensive with consummate skill, and the capture of the Prussian fortress of Kolberg on Christmas Day 1761, by Rumyantsev, was the sole Russian success.

On June 6, 1849 Prussian authorities issued an arrest warrant for Frederick Engels which contained a physical description as " height: 5 feet 6 inches ; hair: blond ; forehead: smooth ; eyebrows: blond ; eyes: blue ; nose and mouth: well proportioned ; beard: reddish ; chin: oval ; face: oval ; complexion: healthy ; figure: slender.

Separated from Prussia, whose state and army leadership withdrew headlong to the east, left without any information concerning Prussian intentions, and with Napoleon ’ s troops about to occupy Saxony, Frederick Augustus had to conclude peace.

Frederick Augustus delayed his agreement to the division of his country after he was released from a Prussian prison in February 1815.

Examples include Wittenberg, the old capital of the Saxon Elector State during the Holy Roman Empire, and seat of the National University made famous by Martin Luther and Melanchthon ( which was already done away with in 1817 by means of a merger with the Prussian University of Halle ), and Torgau, birthplace and place of residence of the Elector Frederick the Wise, which was incorporated into one of the new hybrids created by Prussia under the name Province of Saxony.

* 1945 – World War II: After an air raid accidentally destroys a train carrying about 4, 000 Nazi concentration camp internees in Prussian Hanover, the survivors are massacred by Nazis.

The 1797 scheme came from the renowned Prussian architect Friedrich David Gilly ( 1772 – 1800 ), who proposed a monument to the former Prussian King, Friedrich II.

* December 16 – Leopold II of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general ( b. 1700 )

Vorpommern, litererally Fore-Pomerania, is the smaller, western part of the former Prussian Province of Pomerania ; the eastern part became part of Poland after the end of World War II.

* December 25 – Leopold II of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general ( d. 1751 )

General Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks.

At 20: 00, the arrival of the Prussian 4th Infantry Division of the II Corps and with the Prussian right flank on Mance Ravine, the line stabilised.

In a breakdown of the casualties, Frossard's II Corps of the Army of the Rhine suffered 621 casualties while inflicting 4, 300 casualties on the Prussian First Army under Steinmetz before the Pointe du Jour.

In 1772, as a result of the First Partition, instigated by Prussia's King Frederick II (" the Great "), Krasicki became a Prussian subject.

Tomb of Victor Emanuel II at the Pantheon In 1870, after two failed attempts by Garibaldi, he also took advantage of the Prussian victory over France in the Franco-Prussian War to capture Rome after the French withdrew.

But his brother-in-law, King Frederick William II of Prussia, came to the aid of William V and on 18 September 1787, Dordrecht capitulated to Prussian troops.

His sitters included Tsar Alexander, Emperor Francis I of Austria, the King of Prussia, Field-Marshal Prince Schwarzenberg, Archduke Charles of Austria and Henriette his wife, and a young Napoleon II, as well as various French and Prussian ministers.

King Frederick II of Prussia conquered most of Silesia from Austria in 1740 during the Silesian Wars ; Prussian control was confirmed in the Peace of Breslau in 1742.

Exact numbers of awards are not known, since the Prussian military archives were destroyed during World War II.

Despite its relatively small population, Greifswald retains a supra-regional relevance linked to its intellectual role as a university town and to the taking of the central functions of the former Prussian Province of Pomerania after World War II, such as the seat of the bishop of the Pomeranian Lutheran Church, the state archives ( Landesarchiv ) and the Pomeranian Museum ( Pommersches Landesmuseum ).

In history, Spandau Prison succeeded as a prison to the Renaissance-era Spandau Citadel where Frederick II of Prussia had held captive the magistrates of the Prussian Kammergericht and the Spandau jail, where Carl Schurz had freed his friend Gottfried Kinkel in the aftermath of the 1848 German revolution.

Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg, who had converted to Lutheranism in 1539, was after the co-enfeoffment ( Mitbelehnung ) of his line of the Hohenzollern with the Prussian dukedom.

During World War II, " The Prussian Tribute ", the famous Polish painting by Jan Matejko, was transferred secretly from Kraków and hidden in the vault of the church to protect it from the Nazis.

However only one Corps remained ; the other three Prussian Corps ( I, II and the still fresh IV ) had regrouped after the Prussians defeat at Ligny and were marching towards Waterloo.

When the Prussian Rhine Province was dissolved after World War II, the city became part of the new state North Rhine-Westphalia.

Witnesses in 1760 said that the dome had been hit by more than 100 cannonballs fired by the Prussian army led by Friedrich II during the Seven Years ' War.