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The Pyu sites have yielded a wide variety of Indian scripts from King Ashoka's edicts written in north Indian Brahmi and Tamil Brahmi, both dated to the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE, to the Gupta script and Kannada script dated to the 4th to 6th centuries CE.
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Pyu and sites
Its brick structures shared the same floor plan as those found at Beikthano and other Pyu sites.
Aside from Beikthano and Sri Ksetra, most Pyu sites have not seen extensive or any excavation.
Aside from Sri Ksetra and Beikthano, the rest of the Pyu sites have not been extensively excavated.
Pyu and have
Although the Burmese temple designs evolved from Indic, Pyu ( and possibly Mon ) styles, the techniques of vaulting seem to have developed in Bagan itself.
Eighth century Chinese records identify 18 Pyu states throughout the Irrawaddy valley, and describe the Pyu as a humane and peaceful people to whom war was virtually unknown and who wore silk cotton instead of actually silk so that they would not have to kill silk worms.
Maung Htin Aung suggests that Pyu might have been founded in 78 CE, based on the Sanskrit / Pyu Era.
Over the last millennium, they have largely replaced / absorbed the Mon and the earlier Pyu, ethnic groups that originally dominated the Ayeyarwady valley.
The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts, which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organization.
Latest scholarship, though yet not settled, suggests that the Pyu script, based on the Indian Brahmi script, may have been the source of the Burmese script.
Excavations have recovered pre-Buddhist artifacts, gold necklaces, precious stone images of elephants, turtles and lions, distinctive Pyu pottery, terracotta tablets with writing that strongly resembled the Pyu script, and various kinds of acid-etched onyx beads along with others made of amber and jade.
The first dynasty, called the Vikrama Dynasty, is believed to have launched the Pyu calendar, which later became the Burmese calendar, on 22 March 638.
Many Pyu settlements have been found across Upper Burma.
A small but politically significant Pyu site is Tagaung ( ) in northern Burma ( about 200-km north of Mandalay ) where Pyu artifacts including funerary urns have been excavated.
But the majority of the trade was conducted by sea through the southern Pyu states, which at the time were located not far from the sea as much of the Irrawaddy delta had not yet been formed, and as far south as upper Tenasserim coast towns such as Winga, Hsindat-Myindat, Sanpannagon and Mudon where Pyu artifacts have been found.
Likewise, Pyu artifacts have been found along the coasts of Arakan, Lower Burma, and as far east as Óc Eo ( in present-day southern Vietnam ).
Tang Chinese records describe the Pyu as a humane and peaceful people to whom war was virtually unknown and who wore silk cotton instead of actually silk so that they would not have to kill silk worms, and that many Pyu boys entered the monastic life at seven to the age of 20.
The city-states were mainly populated by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu people, who like their cousins Burmans are believed to have migrated from present-day north central China, reconstructed as modern Qinghai and Gansu provinces via Yunnan.
In the north, trickles of Burmans may have entered the Pyu realm from Yunnan as early as the 7th century.
By and large, each Pyu city-state appeared to have controlled just the city itself.
Pyu and wide
The Pyu realm was longer than wide, stretching from Sri Ksetra in the south to Halin in the north, Binnaka and Maingmaw to the east and probably Ayadawkye to the west.
Pyu and variety
) The Pyu grew rice, perhaps of the Japonica variety.
Pyu and Indian
Like the other early peoples of Southeast Asia such as the Pyu, Mon, Cham, Malay and Javanese, the Khmer were influenced by Indian and Sri Lankan traders and scholars, adapting their religions, sciences, and customs and borrowing from their languages.
Ships from the Indian ocean could come up to Prome to trade with the Pyu realm and China.
Indian culture was most visible in the southern Pyu realm through which most trade with India was conducted by sea.
To varying degrees, northern Pyu cities and towns also became under the sway of Indian culture.
The Pyu city plans, consisted of square / rectangles and circles, were a mix of indigenous and Indian designs.
It is believed that circular patterns inside the cities were Pyu while the rectangle or square shape of the outer walls and the use of 12 gates were Indian in origin.
Pyu and from
The Bagan stupas or pagodas evolved from earlier Pyu designs, which in turn were based on the stupa designs of the Andhra region, particularly Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda in present-day southeastern India, and to a smaller extent to Ceylon.
The Burmese script was adapted from the Old Mon script or from the Pyu script.
The earliest inhabitants of recorded history were the Pyu who entered the Irrawaddy valley from Yunnan c. 2nd century BCE.
The Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu entered the Irrawaddy valley from present-day Yunnan, c. 2nd century BCE, and went on to found city states throughout the Irrawaddy valley.
Contemporary Chinese chronicles from the same period cite Pyu musicians playing the arched harp.
The antique Pyu and Phumtek beads of Burma are also similar in some ways to dzi: they share some of the dzi bead patterns, but instead of agate, the Phumtek are generally made from petrified opalized palm wood, while Pyu beads are often made of red or orange carnelian with some thin white alkali-etched lines.
Pyu city states () were a group of city-states that existed from c. 2nd century BCE to c. mid-11th century CE in present-day Upper Burma ( Myanmar ).
Circa 2nd century BCE, the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu began to enter the Irrawaddy valley from present-day Yunnan via Tapain and Shweli rivers.
By the Chinese accounts, Halin remained an important Pyu center until the 9th century when the Pyu realm came under repeated attacks from the Nanzhao Kingdom.
The Tang histories mention the arrival at the court of an embassy from the Pyu capital in 801.
The Theravada school prevalent in the Pyu realm was probably derived from the Andhra region in southeast India, associated with the famous Theravada Buddhist scholar, Buddhagosa.
In addition to religion, the Pyu also imported science and astronomical expertise from India.
Pyu and written
Many of the important inscriptions were written in Sanskrit and / or Pali, alongside the Pyu script.
Pyu and centuries
While Pyu settlements remained in Upper Burma until the advent of the Pagan Empire in mid 11th century, the Pyu gradually were absorbed into the expanding Burman kingdom of Pagan in the next four centuries.
The migration of the Tai peoples into Southeast Asia did not occur until centuries later, long after the Pyu, Malays, Mons and Khmers had established their respective kingdoms.
Pyu settlements remained in Upper Burma for the next three centuries but the Pyu gradually were absorbed into the expanding Pagan Empire.
The city was founded between the 5th and 7th centuries, and likely overtook Halin as the premier Pyu city by the 7th or 8th century, and retained that status until the Mranma arrrived in the 9th century.
) By the 4th century, most of the Pyu had become predominantly Buddhist, though archaeological finds prove that their pre-Buddhist practices remained firmly entrenched in the following centuries.
Pyu settlements remained in Upper Burma for the next three centuries but the Pyu gradually were absorbed and assimilated into the expanding Pagan Empire.
A series of epigraphic records in Pali, Sanskrit, Pyu and Mon datable in the 6th and 7th centuries, has been recovered from Central and Lower Burma ( Prome and Rangoon ).
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