Among well known ( generally non-kabbalist or anti-kabbalist ) Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud, the Rosh and Leon de Modena.

The use of the definite article before the word " Christ " and its gradual development into a proper name show the Christians identified the bearer with the promised Messiah of the Jews who fulfilled all the Messianic predictions in a fuller and a higher sense than had been given them by the Rabbis.

While this approach, requiring absolute purity, was rejected by other ancient Rabbis, for example ' he who is not for the name of God, will become for the name of God ', and a middle approach was adopted by Jews as standard.

" In 1945 the Union of Orthodox Rabbis " formally assembled to excommunicate from Judaism what it deemed to be the community's most heretical voice: Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan, the man who eventually would become the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism.

It immediately proceeded to admit Rabbis Jan Caryl Kaufman and Beverly Magidson, who had been ordained at Hebrew Union College.

It presently composed of 25 Rabbis, who are voting members, and five laypeople, who do not vote but participate fully in deliberations.

In 1983, the Central Conference of American Rabbis passed a resolution waiving the need for formal conversion for anyone with at least one Jewish parent who has made affirmative acts of Jewish identity.

Some classical-era Rabbis, attacking Solomon's moral character, have claimed instead that the child was an ancestor of Nebuchadnezzar II, who destroyed Solomon's temple some 300 years later.

Eli, who was viewed negatively by many Classical Rabbis, is said to have reacted to this logic of Samuel by arguing that it was technically true, but Samuel should be put to death for making legal statements while Eli ( his mentor ) was present.

The Rabbis claimed leadership over all Jews, and added to the Amidah the birkat haMinim, a prayer which in part exclaims, " Praised are You O Lord, who breaks enemies and defeats the arrogant ," and which is understood as a rejection of sectarians and sectarianism.

His students included Rabbis: Yonasan David ( his son-in-law ) and Aharon Schechter, his successors as Rosh Yeshivas of Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin ; Hirsch Diskind, son-in-law of Rabbi Yaakov Kamenetsky and long-time Dean of Bais Yaakov School for Girls in Baltimore, Aharon Lichtenstein, son-in-law of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik and Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshivat Har Etzion in Israel ; Pinchas Stolper of the Orthodox Union and founder of NCSY who followed Hutner's guidelines in setting up this youth outreach movement ; Avrohom Davis, founder of the Metzudah religious books series ; Shlomo Freifeld who set up one of the first full-time yeshivas for baal teshuva students in the world ; Joshua Fishman, leader and executive Vice President of Torah Umesorah the National Society for Hebrew Day Schools ; Avrohom Kleinkaufman, a lecturer in Yeshiva of Far Rockaway and translator of the Genesis and Exodus volumes of the Metzuda Bible Commentary of Rabbi Solomon and the Kol Sasson Sephardic Siddurim and Machzorim ; Yaakov Perlow, the Novominsker Rebbe of Boro Park ; Meir Bilitzky, senior rabbi of Young Israel of New Hyde Park ; Noah Weinberg founder and head of Aish Hatorah and his brother Yaakov Weinberg of Ner Israel Yeshiva in Baltimore ; Yosef Katzenstein of Copenhagen, author of Kol Chayil and Lema ' an Achai ; Feivel Cohen of Brooklyn, author of " Badei HaShulchan " and world renowned posek, Dovid Cohen, rabbi of Congregation Gvul Yaabetz and an author of a number of books on Jewish theology, and Ahron Kaufman Rosh HaYeshiva of Yeshiva Gedola of Waterbury, son in law to Feivel Cohen.

It was Sa ' adya, who laid foundations for Jewish rationalist theology which built upon the work of Mu ' tazilah, thereby shifting Rabbinic Judaism from mythical explanations of the Rabbis to reasoned explanations of the intellect.

Isaac Kalimi explains that the “ lex talionis was humanized by the Rabbis who interpreted " an eye for an eye " to mean resonable pecuniary compensation.

To prevent the yabam from extorting money from the widow who wishes release from the shackles of perpetual widowhood, the Rabbis established the institution of the " shetar halizah " (" halizah document ").

In the case of a minor brother, who could not legally sign the document, the institution of the " shetar bit ' hon halizah ," established by the Rabbis for such cases, had the father of the bridegroom promise to pay money to the bride if the minor son should later refuse the halizah ceremony ( ib.

Prominent recent authorities who have written commentaries on the work include Rabbis Meir Simcha of Dvinsk ( Ohr Somayach ), Chaim Soloveitchik ( Chiddushei Rabbeinu Chaim ), Yitzchok Isaac Krasilschikov ( Tevunah ), Isser Zalman Meltzer ( Even HaEzel ) and, more recently, the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson ( Hadran al HaRambam ), Elazar Shach ( Avi Ezri ) and Rabbi Yosef Kapach.

Modern scholarship on the Talmud has a spectrum of views from Joseph Klausner, R. Travers Herford and Peter Schäfer who see some traces of a historical Jesus in the Talmud, to the views of Johann Maier, and Jacob Neusner who consider that there are little or no historical traces and texts have been applied to Jesus in later editing, and others such as Boyarin ( 1999 ) who argue that Jesus in the Talmud is a literary device used by Rabbis to comment on their relationship to and with early Christians.

During the ceremony the national flag is lowered to half mast, the President and the Prime Minister both deliver speeches, Holocaust survivors light six torches symbolizing the approximately six million Jews who perished in the Holocaust and the Chief Rabbis recite prayers.

And I have heard that there are those who claim that since the Chief Rabbis of Tel Aviv-Jaffa who preceded me set a custom of ruling with chumra, the custom is not to be changed.

There are no female Rabbis among the British Masorti, for example, and some Masorti congegations maintain non-egalitarian practices with regard to gender, such as the mechitza and the prohibition of women reading from the Torah, while nearly all American congregations are fully egalitarian and the American Rabbinical schools ordain women as Rabbis.

Most Masorti Rabbis are trained at Leo Baeck College, an inter-denominational seminary that ordains non-Orthodox British Rabbis.

Conservative Rabbis are not allowed to perform intermarriages ( marriages between Jews and non-Jews ).

A few instances of gematria in Arabic, Spanish and Greek, spelled with the Hebrew letters, are mentioned in the works of Rabbi Abraham Abulafia ; some Hasidic Rabbis also used it, though rarely, for Yiddish.

* The National Council of Young Israel, and the Council of Young Israel Rabbis are smaller groups that were founded as Modern Orthodox organizations, are Zionistic, and are in the right wing of Modern Orthodox Judaism.

* The most common view, held by some Modern Orthodox authorities, and most Haredi Rabbis, rules that all women's prayer groups are absolutely forbidden by halakha ( Jewish law ).

The Tosafot are collected commentaries by various medieval Ashkenazic Rabbis on the Talmud ( known as Tosafists ).

Rabbis are not intermediaries between God and humans: the word " rabbi " means " teacher ", and the rabbi functions as advisor to the congregation and counselor.

Rabbis are given authority to make interpretations of Jewish law and custom.

Although one does not need to be an ordained Rabbi to be a Rebbe, most Rebbes today are ordained Rabbis.

Although even in Modern Orthodox circles there are some Rabbis ( e. g. Professor Marc Shapiro ) that point out the numerous rabbinic sources from the Talmudic, Post-Talmudic, and medieval ages that claim that there were some changes to the text, which include whole verses, that were made deliberately during the Mishnaic era, and even during the times of the first temple.

Resolving contradictions, perceived or actual, between different statements in the Mishnah, or between the Mishnah and other traditions ; e. g., by stating that: two conflicting sources are dealing with differing circumstances ; or that they represent the views of different Rabbis.

Later texts like the Mishnah and the Talmud record a host of rulings by Rabbis, some of whom are believed to be from among the Pharisees, concerning sacrifices and other ritual practices in the Temple, torts, criminal law, and governance.

Some historians, however, have noted that Jesus ' actions are actually similar to and consistent with Jewish beliefs and practices of the time, as recorded by the Rabbis, that commonly associate illness with sin and healing with forgiveness.

* Ḥoq le-Yisrael, a programme founded by Rabbis Hayyim ben Joseph Vital and Chaim Joseph David Azulai in which, every week, one studies extracts from the Mishnah, the Zohar and other works in addition to the portion for that week: the relevant passages are often printed in book form in a multivolume set.

Its general editors are Rabbis Nosson Scherman and Meir Zlotowitz.

Several laws of Kashruth have no known reason, excepting the few that have traditionally been related to compassion to animals by some Rabbis as dictated by Moses.

According to Fuchs, Halichos Bas Yisrael, only German Rabbis have traditionally permitted returning a handshake ; and a man who is stringent about shaking hands may be lenient and shake hands with his sister ( and vice versa ), since we find other leniencies concerning brother and sister.

Famous descendants of Horowitz included the prominent Billiczer Rabbinical family of Szerencs, Hungary and the Dym family of Rabbis and communal leaders in Galicia.

In the late 19th century the descendants of Reb Moishe Leib of Sassov had become Rabbis in other cities.

Thus, as the Pharisees argued that all Israel should act as priests, the Rabbis argued that all Israel should act as rabbis: " The rabbis furthermore want to transform the entire Jewish community into an academy where the whole Torah is studied and kept .... redemption depends on the " rabbinization " of all Israel, that is, upon the attainment of all Jewry of a full and complete embodiment of revelation or Torah, thus achieving a perfect replica of heaven.

Boyarin suggests that the Rabbis were well aware of Christian views of the Pharisees and that this story acknowledges the Christian belief that Jesus was forgiving and the Pharisees were not ( see Mark 2 ), while emphasizing forgiveness as a necessary Rabbinic value.

Boyarin suggests that the Rabbis were well aware of Christian views of the Pharisees and that this story acknowledges the Christian belief that Jesus was forgiving and the Pharisees were not ( see Mark 2: 1-2 ), while emphasizing forgiveness as a necessary Rabbinic value.

Although the Rabbis traced their origins to the Pharisees, Rabbinic Judaism nevertheless involved a radical repudiation of certain elements of Phariseism – elements that were basic to Second Temple Judaism.