** NBER paper, Internal Rate of Return, coauthored by Olivia Mitchell, member of President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security ( 2001 )

Since a person can earn a return on money invested over some period of time, most economic and financial models assume the " Discount Yield " is the same as the Rate of Return the person could receive by investing this money elsewhere ( in assets of similar risk ) over the given period of time covered by the delay in payment.

The relationship between the " Discount Yield " and the Rate of Return on other financial assets is usually discussed in such economic and financial theories involving the inter-relation between various Market Prices, and the achievement of Pareto Optimality through the operations in the Capitalistic Price Mechanism ,< Ref Name =" Economics_Discount "/> as well as in the discussion of the " Efficient ( Financial ) Market Hypothesis ".< Ref Name =" Finance_Discount "/>< Ref Name =" Economics_Competition "> Competition from other firms who offer other Financial Assets that promise the Market Rate of Return forces the person who is asking for a delay in payment to offer a " Discount Yield " that is the same as the Market Rate of Return .</ ref > The person delaying the payment of the current Liability is essentially compensating the person to whom he / she owes money for the lost revenue that could be earned from an investment during the time period covered by the delay in payment.

As indicated, the Rate of Return is usually calculated in accordance to an annual return on investment.

If we consider the value of the original payment presently due to be $ P, and the debtor wants to delay the payment for t years, then an r % Market Rate of Return on a similar Investment Assets means the " Future Value " of $ P is $ P * ( 1 + r %)< sup > t </ sup >, and the " Discount " would be calculated as

The Cost of Capital, in a financial market equilibrium, will be the same as the Market Rate of Return on the financial asset mixture the firm uses to finance capital investment.

In this situation, the business must balance the cost of obtaining cash proceeds from a factor against the opportunity cost of the losing the Rate of Return it earns on investment within its business.

de: Total Rate of Return Swap

The core scope includes the products of Foreign Exchange ( FX ) Swaps and Options, Interest Rate Swaps, Inflation Swaps, Asset Swaps, Swaptions, Credit Default Swaps, Credit Default Swap Indices, Credit Default Swap Baskets, Tranches on Credit Default Swap Indices, Equity Options, Equity Swaps, Total Return Swaps, and many others.

Jensen's alpha = Portfolio Return − Free Rate + Portfolio Beta * ( Market Return − Risk Free Rate )

Rm = Market Rate of Return

In finance, EBDIT is sometimes used in capital budgeting calculations as a starting point in order to create templates that can be easily changed to observe the effects of changing variables ( such as tax rates, allowances for inflation or changes in depreciation methods ) on a Net Present Value ( NPV ) or Internal Rate of Return ( IRR ) value, and thus, the viability of a potential investment or project.

* Constant Prepayment Rate or Conditional Prepayment Rate, an estimated measure of rate of paydown of principal on a pool of loans.

The following is an example of a Primary Rate ( PRI ) ISDN call showing the Q. 921 / LAPD and the Q. 931 / Network message intermixed ( i. e. exactly what was exchanged on the D-channel ).

Major and his government were responsible for the United Kingdom's exit from the Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERM ) after Black Wednesday on 16 September 1992, after which his government never gained a lead in the opinion polls.

The Conservative majority proved too small for effective control over his backbenchers, particularly after the United Kingdom's forced exit from the Exchange Rate Mechanism ( ERM ) on " Black Wednesday ", 16 September 1992, just five months into the new parliament, when billions of pounds were spent in a futile attempt to defend the currency's value.

* A one time connection fee based on Bit Rate-calculated per Leased Line-( and depending on the Leased Line Bit Rate ).

* A recurring monthly fee with a fixed component which is based on Bit Rate, and a variable component based on Bit Rate and distance.

* Effects of Low-Intensity Exercise Conditioning on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Autonomic Modulation of Heart Rate in Men and Women with Hypertension.

Constant False Alarm Rate, a form of Automatic Gain Control ( AGC ), is a method that relies on clutter returns far outnumbering echoes from targets of interest.

* Margaret Thatcher who had been the United Kingdom's Prime Minister since 1979 resigned as Prime Minister on 22 November 1990 after being challenged for the leadership of the Conservative Party by Michael Heseltine because of widespread opposition to the introduction of the controversial Community Charge and the fact that her key allies such as Nigel Lawson and Geoffrey Howe resigned over the deeply sensitive issues of the Maastricht Treaty and Margaret Thatcher's resistance to Britain joining the European Exchange Rate Mechanism.

Consumer-oriented ADSL was designed to operate on existing lines already conditioned for Basic Rate Interface ISDN services, which itself is a switched digital service ( non-IP ), though most incumbent local exchange carriers ( ILECs ) provision Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line ( RADSL ) to work on virtually any available copper pair facility — whether conditioned for BRI or not.

The Local Government Act introduced that same year introduced a “ domestic ” element in the new Rate Support Grant, by providing relief to domestic ratepayers on a rising scale, so that as local expenditure rose, government grant was geared to outpace it.

* Rate of return on investment

* Rate of return, the ratio of money gained or lost on an investment relative to the amount of money invested

* Rate of return, the financial term for the profit or loss derived from an investment

* Rate of return on investment

* Rate of return, a comparison of the money earned or lost on an investment to the amount of money invested

In the investment field, Retention Rate ( also called earnings retention ratio, plowback ratio ) is the proportion of net income that is not paid in dividends.

Rate – distortion theory is a major branch of information theory which provides the theoretical foundations for lossy data compression ; it addresses the problem of determining the minimal number of bits per symbol, as measured by the rate R, that should be communicated over a channel, so that the source ( input signal ) can be approximately reconstructed at the receiver ( output signal ) without exceeding a given distortion D.

* The Fixed Rate and Reference Rate are rates that should accrue over a period starting on the effective date, and then paid at the end of the period ( termination date ).

However, the Ravenna Cosmography gives the name of their capital, in apparently corrupt form, as Rate Corion Eltavori, and an inscribed tile found in Churchover calls the administrative district Civitas Corieltauvorum, indicating that the true form should be Corieltauvi.

It was then changed to be recorded by the ‘ Net Reproduction Rate ’ that only measured the fertility rate of women who were capable of giving birth.

India's Total Fertility Rate in 2008 was calculated to be 2. 6.

Rate of fertility may be better following salpingostomy than salpingectomy.

Therefore, considering the fact that the " Discount " must match the benefits obtained from a similar Investment Asset, the " Discount Yield " must be used within the same compounding mechanism to negotiate an increase in the size of the " Discount " whenever the time period the payment is delayed or extended .< Ref Name =" Economics_Discount "/> The “ Discount Rate ” is the rate at which the “ Discount ” must grow as the delay in payment is extended .< Ref Name =" MathEcon_Chiang "> Alpha C Chiang, " Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, Third Edition ", McGraw Hill Book Company, 1984 .</ ref > This fact is directly tied into the " Time Value of Money " and its calculations.

* Rate of economic growth can be set by the society

However, according to the NAIRU, exploiting this short-run tradeoff will raise inflation expectations, shifting the short-run curve rightward to the " New Short-Run Phillips Curve " and moving the point of equilibrium from B to C. Thus the reduction in unemployment below the " Natural Rate " will be temporary, and lead only to higher inflation in the long run.

If a bond measure is proposed in a local county election, a Tax Rate Statement may be provided to voters, detailing best estimates of the tax rate required to levy and fund the bond.

Rate – distortion theory gives an analytical expression for how much compression can be achieved using lossy compression methods.

Some policy rules can be imposed by external bodies, for instance the Exchange Rate Mechanism for currency.

The London Interbank Offered Rate is the average interest rate estimated by leading banks in London that they would be charged if borrowing from other banks.

Caps based on an underlying rateLIBOR ( like a Constant Maturity Swap Rate ) cannot be valued using simple techniques described above.

Rate of fire can be varied, if necessary, by changing the shutter.

Ernest Rutherford, working in Canada and England, showed that radioactive decay can be described by a simple equation ( a linear first degree derivative equation, now called Rate equation, First-order reactions, first order kinetics, implying that a given radioactive substance has a characteristic " half-life " ( the time taken for the amount of radioactivity present in a source to diminish by half ).

* Net Reproduction Rate ( NRR )-the NRR starts with the GRR and adds the realistic assumption that some of the women will die before age 59 ; therefore they will not be alive to bear some of the potential babies that were counted in the GRR.

After defining these two performance metrics for the quantizer, a typical Rate – Distortion formulation for a quantizer design problem can be expressed in one of two ways:

Assuming an FLC with levels, the Rate – Distortion minimization problem can be reduced to distortion minimization alone.