Alois von Reding led Central Swiss troops against the French

In response, the Cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Nidwalden raised an army of about 10, 000 men led by Alois von Reding to fight the French.

In 1808, at the Battle of Bailén, the French corps led by General Dupont surrendered after being defeated by a Spanish army led by Generals Castaños and Reding ; this was the first surrender of an Imperial field army.

The Battle of Bailén was contested in 1808 between the Spanish Army of Andalusia, led by Generals Francisco Castaños and Theodor von Reding, and the Imperial French Army's II corps d ' observation de la Gironde under General Pierre Dupont de l ' Étang.

In response to the specific opposition by a group of only male Ambassadors or Permanent Representative of European Union Member States Mrs Reding stated that " thankfully, European laws on important topics like this are not made by nine men in dark suits behind closed doors, but rather in a democratic process ”.

However Viviane Reding, the European Commissioner for Justice, Freedom & Security, wrote to the director of the FRA slamming the idea on cost and dignity grounds and instructing him to cancel the project.

Viviane Reding ( born 27 April 1951 in Esch-sur-Alzette ) is a Luxembourg politician, currently serving as European Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship.

In her first term as European Commissioner Viviane Reding pushed through the Erasmus Mundus expanding the cooperation between universities and university students of the European Union and the rest of the world.

While serving in the European Commission under President Barroso, Viviane Reding found a relatively popular policy in lowering roaming charges of mobile phones when travelling within the European Union, stating: " For years, mobile roaming charges have remained unjustifiably high.

Reding has also proposed that major European telecom companies be forced to separate their network and service operations to promote competition in the market.

On 9 February 2010, Reding was confirmed in her third term as European Commissioner becoming Vice-President and Commissioner responsible for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship.

Viviane Reding has also put in practice a fundamental rights culture across the European institutions and their policies.

She has also taken steps to end all types of discriminations pushing European Commission President José Manuel Barroso to strengthen the commitment to equality between women and men and in adopting a Women's Charter .. Viviane Reding has also presented measures to improve the representation of women in boardrooms of publicly listed companies ..

On 7 July 2010, Viviane Reding had an official meeting with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Thorbjørn Jagland, in order to launch joint talks on the EU's accession to the European Convention on Human Rights.

In February 2012 Reding challenged her fellow European leaders to start working towards designing the future of the united European continent.

The plan presented by Viviane Reding also served as inspiration and guidance to the report prepared in June 2012 by Herman Van Rompuy, José Manuel Barroso, Jean Claude Juncker and Mario Draghi to the European Council on the need to develop the united European continent into a genuine Economic and Monetary Union.

After the leak of a French Interior Ministry circular of 5 August 2010, Reding made a public statement that was interpreted as likening the 2010 French deportations of the Roma to those made from France by the occupying German forces during World War II: " I personally have been appalled by a situation which gave the impression that people are being removed from a Member State of the European Union just because they belong to a certain ethnic minority.

Following her initial statement, and intense discussions in the European Council and in the European Parliament, Mrs Reding announced that the European Commission intended to sue France at the European Court of Justice within two weeks.

At the instigation of Mrs Reding, the European Commission later set up a Roma task force to analyse to what extent measures were being effectively taken to help the social and economic integration of Roma in Europe.

As a result of the action taken by Viviane Reding in the defense of the rights of citizens, national governments of the Member States of the European Union were obliged to put in place national strategies and concrete plans for the integration of Romani people and to report on their implementation annually.

On 12 September 2012 José Manuel Barroso delivered the State of the Union speech in Strasbourg, France taking up and elaborating on many of the ideas set out by Mrs Reding since early 2012.

The arrival of Vedel with this sizeable force put an end to the threat at Andújar but gravely imperilled the French right wing ( Mengibar — Bailén — La Carolina ), leaving Ligier-Belair seriously denuded of troops in his fight against Reding.

mostly stayed loyal to the Spanish — at the Battle of Bailén, the Swiss regiments pressed into French service defected back to the Spanish Army Swiss under Reding — and were eventually ground down by years of fighting.

Viviane Reding who has been known for consistently fighting for an open Internet-and particularly in 2010 resisting attempts by her colleague Commissioner Cecilia Malmström to censorship sites and block internet access and in 2012 over the ACTA discussion-favoured that amendment leading to the defeat of three-strikes policies such as those promoted in France with the Hadopi law.

On 11 July 2011, Reding expressed criticism of the power exercised by the three major US credit rating agencies stating that breaking up the big three was an option being considered.

In April 2012 Viviane Reding declined an invitation by UEFA President Michel Platini to attend the Euro 2012 football championships citing " institutional reasons ".

President Sarkozy pointed out that Mrs Reding had been silent during larger-scale expulsions by other countries in earlier years, including by Italy specifically of its Roma during 2009 and when police reject Romani travelers trying to enter Luxembourg.

The Schwyzers, under Alois von Reding, were crushed by the French on the heights of Morgarten in April and May, as were the Unterwaldners in August and September.

Subsequent efforts to fashion field armies capable of reproducing a Bailén proved less successful: Castaños was himself routed by Marshal Lannes at Tudela in November 1808, while Reding was ridden down and trampled by the French cavalry at Valls in 1809, dying of his wounds.

* Erster Landammann ( in German )/ ( in French ) Premier Landamman ' First official of the country ': 23 November 1801-6 February 1802 Aloys Reding von Biberegg ( b. 1765-d. 1818 ); he succeeded himself as the first under the new, shorter, non-distinctive title:

Reding surrendered to the French on 13 May.

On its coming into force with the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009, Justice Commissioner Viviane Reding proposed that Commissioners should swear to uphold all EU treaties and the Charter.

In September 2012 it became known that Mrs Reding was working on a proposal for introducing the 40 % rule opening the way for women to be more represented in supervisory boards or non-executive board members of public listed companies in Europe.

In May 2012 Viviane Reding delivered a speech on the Future of Europe in Tallinn, Estonia at the XXV Congress of the Fédération Internationale du Droit Européen.

For the actors themselves, the Reding brothers demanded people who were " absolutely, 100 % believable on the big screen ...

Reding assaulted Mengibar anew on July 13 and drove Ligier-Belair from the village after a hard fight ; at the appearance of Vedel's division, however, the Spanish column quietly drew back and French infantry reclaimed the town.

Reding, however, was on the move: making a feint toward the Mengibar ferry with his sharpshooters, the Swiss forded the river upstream at Rincon and, encircling Mengibar, crushed the French battalions under Ligier-Belair.

Unwilling to take advantage of Vedel's presence to engage in a trial of strength with Castaños — a successful attack on the Arjonilla might have turned the Spanish line in return and allowed Dupont to swing across the rear of Coupigny and Reding — Dupont hunkered down at Andújar and ordered Vedel's weary division back to Bailén to prevent the collapse of the right wing.

Meanwhile, Reding, calling up Coupigny's division from Villa Nueva, had crossed at Mengibar on July 17 and seized the deserted Bailén, bivouacing there the night and preparing to swing west towards Dupont's — and what he assumed to be Vedel's ( oblivious as he was to the latter's recent movement east )— position in the morning.

On the Spanish side, Reding deployed Coupigny's division to meet the threat, with an Irish battalion and two guns on a knoll leading up to the mountains ; a regiment of regular troops, the Órdenes militares, at the San Cristóbal monastery ; militia in support ; and the other battalions drawn up behind, in the centre.

A circular emanating from his office ( chef de cabinet: Michel Bart ) on 5 August 2010, specifically mentioning an ethnic criterion for these deportations provoked the ire of ministerial colleagues such as Eric Besson and the European commissioner, Viviane Reding.

Heavily outnumbered, von Reding was forced to submit to French General Schauenburg on the 13th May.