In 1859, Reisläuferei ( mercenary service ) was outlawed, with the exception of the Vatican guard.

Not only the mercenaries themselves were paid, but also their home cantons, and the Reisläuferei, while being heavily criticized already at that time as a heavy drain on the human resources of the confederation, became popular in particular among the young peasants from the rural cantons.

* Xanthippus, mercenary in the service of Carthage

By this time, he had become convinced that mercenary service was immoral and that Swiss unity was indispensable for any future achievements.

In addition, his opposition to the French and to mercenary service was welcomed by Zurich politicians.

Nonetheless, when John left for Poitou in February 1214, many barons refused to provide military service ; mercenary knights had to fill the gaps.

Five mercenary operated Mil Mi-24V and two Mil Mi-8 helicopters entered service from 1995.

Allying himself with Ternate's ruler, Serrão constructed a fortress on that tiny island and served as the head of a mercenary band of Portuguese seamen under the service of one of the two local feuding sultans who controlled most of the spice trade.

Oghuz Turks | Turkish mercenary in Byzantine service c. 1436

In 1625 Richelieu also sent money to Ernst von Mansfeld, a famous mercenary general operating in Germany in English service.

Whether commissioned officer, mercenary, or both, Standish apparently came to Holland around 1603 and may, according to historian Tudor Jenks, have seen service during the Siege of Ostend in which Vere's English troops were involved.

Captain Peter Drake, an Irishman who spent most of his life as a mercenary in the service of various European armies, served the French cause in the battle and was wounded several times.

The availability of this mercenary force ( the Normans were famous for being militariter lucrum quaerens, " looking for their payback with the military service ") could not escape the Christian rulers of South Italy, who employed the Normans in their internal wars.

At first, the Byzantines, established in Apulia, had tried to buy off the Normans and press them into service within their own largely mercenary army ; since the Normans were famous for their avarice.

Xenophon ( 431-355 BC ), a Greek mercenary commander in Persian service, who later became a historian

Allying himself with Ternate's ruler, Serrão constructed a fortress on that tiny island and served as the head of a mercenary band of Portuguese seamen under the service of one of the two local feuding sultans who controlled most of the spice trade.

The von Flüe had grown wealthy and politically powerful in mercenary service in France.

Then in 1832 he travelled to Portugal and enlisted as a mercenary soldier in the service of Dom Pedro, the Emperor of Brazil.

He has been described as a mercenary in service to the English and the Dutch.

With one of that prince's mercenary regiments in British pay, he saw active service and gained valuable experience in the American Revolutionary War.

The Ligures seem to have been ready to engage as mercenary troops in the service of others.

Their service as mercenaries was at its peak during the Renaissance, when their proven battlefield capabilities made them sought-after mercenary troops.

Until roughly 1490, the Swiss had a virtual monopoly on pike-armed mercenary service.

The Landsknecht, however, would serve any paymaster, even, at times, enemies of the Holy Roman Emperor ( and Landsknechts at times even fought each other on the battlefield, something the Swiss flatly refused to do in mercenary service ).

In mercenary service they became much less likely to resort to outmaneuvering the enemy and relied more on a straightforward steamroller assault.

The famed Swiss Guard regiment, the most senior of the twelve Swiss mercenary regiments in French service, was essentially identical to the French Guards in organization and equipment, other than wearing a red uniform as opposed to the blue uniforms of the French Guards.

The year 1823 finally saw the end of Swiss mercenary service with the Spanish army.

The help which he wanted from the West was simply mercenary forces and not the immense hosts which arrived, to his consternation and embarrassment, after the pope preached the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont later that same year.

"( Charlemagne's ) army was enlisted to help the Muslim governors of Barcelona and Zaragoza against the Umayyad ( emir ) in Cordoba ..." Essentially Charlemagne was being hired as a mercenary, even though he likely had other plans of acquiring the area for his own empire.

According to the authors of the study, " Probably Napoléon also knew his remote oriental patrilineal origins, because Francesco Buonaparte ( the Giovanni son ), who was a mercenary under the orders of the Genoa Republic in Ajaccio in 1490, was nicknamed The Maure of Sarzane ".

At the end of the 1980s the South Africans did not wish to continue to support the mercenary regime and France was in agreement.

He was restored to Guangzhou with mercenary help in 1920.

The operation coincided with the arrival of mercenary units ( seemingly including the hurriedly-formed 5th Mechanised Brigade ) at Stanleyville which was quickly captured.

A second wave was driven by British recruitment of mercenary soldiers beginning around 1815 and resettlement after retirement in the British Isles and southeast Asia.

Meanwhile, Carthage had begun to build a mercenary army in Africa which was to be shipped to Sicily to meet the Romans.

This denied the Carthaginians access to any mercenary manpower from Italy and most of Sicily, although this later clause was temporarily abolished during the Mercenary War.

The allegiance of mercenary leaders was dependent, of course, on pay ; in 1433-1435, Sforza led the Milanese attack on the Papal States, but when he conquered Ancona, in the Marche, he changed sides, obtaining the title of vicar of the city directly from Pope Eugene IV.

The major impact of the war, in which mercenary armies were extensively used, was the devastation of entire regions scavenged bare by the foraging armies.

It was during this time that the mercenary pension system became a subject of disagreement.

His father, Heinrich Kepler, earned a precarious living as a mercenary, and he left the family when Johannes was five years old.

In the meantime, John began to recruit fresh mercenary forces from Poitou, although some were later sent back to avoid giving the impression that the king was escalating the conflict.

Other research has also concluded that later medieval armour, such as that of the Italian city state mercenary companies, was effective at stopping contemporary arrows.

However, almost all high medieval armies in Europe were composed of a great deal of paid core troops, and there was a large mercenary market in Europe from at least the early 12th century.

Plunder in itself was often the objective of a military campaign, to either pay mercenary forces, seize resources, reduce the fighting capacity of enemy forces, or as a calculated insult to the enemy ruler.

The nearest competitor to the longbow was the much more expensive crossbow, used often by urban militias and mercenary forces.

During his lifetime, Paracelsus was viewed as an adventurer who challenged the theories and mercenary motives of contemporary medicine with dangerous chemical therapies, but his therapies marked a turning point in Western medicine.

Hamilcar had led the initial Carthaginian peace negotiations and was blamed for the clause that allowed the Roman popular assembly to increase the war indemnity and annex Corsica and Sardinia, but his superlative generalship was instrumental in enabling Carthage to ultimately quell the mercenary uprising, ironically fought against many of the same mercenary troops he had trained.