After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies.

Antony was inevitably perceived by Octavian and the majority of the Roman Senate as the leader of a separatist movement that threatened to break the unity of the Roman Republic.

The Senate attempted to use Caligula's death as an opportunity to restore the Republic.

Since the fall of the Republic, the authority of the Roman Senate had largely eroded under the quasi-monarchical system of government established by Augustus, known as the Principate.

In the late Republic, as in the early years of the new monarchy, Imperator was a title granted to Roman generals by their troops and the Roman Senate after a great victory, roughly comparable to field marshal ( head or commander of the entire army ).

It is important to note that, in this situation, the President of the Senate became an Interim President of the Republic ; they do not become the new President of the Republic as elected and therefore do not have to resign from their position as President of the Senate.

Because fifteen days can separate the first and second rounds of a presidential election, this means that the President of the Senate can only act as President of the Republic for a maximum period of fifty days.

This is in fact unlikely to happen, because if the president of the Senate is not able to act, the Senate will normally name a new president of the Senate, that will act as President of the Republic.

The original settlement developed into the capital of the Roman Kingdom ( ruled by a succession of seven kings, according to tradition ), and then the Roman Republic ( from 510 BC, governed by the Senate ), and finally the Roman Empire ( from 27 BC, ruled by an Emperor ).

Cicero, author of the classic book The Laws attacks Catilina, a traitor to the Republic, in the Roman Senate

The proconsul and praetor were government officials during the Roman Republic and the Roman Senate was its governing body.

Taft also had a disagreement with Roosevelt over the latter's conclusion of an executive agreement with the Dominican Republic, in lieu of what Taft thought should have been a treaty, requiring ratification by the Senate.

Other departments are in service to constitutional bodies such as the Presidency of the Republic, the Senate, Parliament, the Judiciary, the Prime Minister and the National Council of Economy and Labour.

Lucius Sergius Catilina ( 108 BC – 62 BC ), known in English as Catiline, was a Roman politician of the 1st century BC who is best known for the Catiline ( or Catilinarian ) conspiracy, an attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic, and in particular the power of the aristocratic Senate.

Cicero attacks Catiline in the Roman Senate | Senate of the Roman Republic.

A constitutional referendum can be called in order to approve a constitutional law or amendment only when it has been approved by the Houses ( Chamber of Deputies and Senate of the Republic ) with a majority of less than two thirds in both or either House, and only at the request of one fifth of the members of either House, or 500, 000 electors or five Regional Councils.

** Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, Roman politician, who, as a plebeian tribune, will cause political turmoil in the Republic through his attempts to legislate agrarian reforms ; his political ideals will eventually lead to his death at the hands of supporters of the conservative faction ( Optimates ) of the Roman Senate ( d. 132 BC )

The Venetian Senate willingly accepted this advice and Fra Paolo presented the case to Paul V, urging from history that the Pope's claim to intermeddle in civil matters was a usurpation ; and that in these matters the Republic of Venice recognized no authority but that of God.

It is a position appointed by the President of the Republic and the nomination must be approved by the Federal Senate.

The Great Northern War, a period seen by the contemporaries as a passing eclipse, may have been the fatal blow destined to bring down the Noble Republic.

Presaging a theme he would bring to the fore, using similar language, in his Gettysburg Address in 1863, Lincoln wrote: “ You have kindly adverted to the trial through which this Republic is now passing.

In addition, unlike the other successor states of the former Yugoslavia, Slovenia did not normalize relations with the " Federal Republic of Yugoslavia " ( Serbia and Montenegro ) until after the passing from power of Slobodan Milošević ; although the Slovenes did open a representative office in Podgorica to work with Montenegrin President Milo Đukanović's government.

Fiennes was briefly educated in the Republic of Ireland and then at Swan School For Boys ( now known as Leehurst Swan School, following a merger with another school ), an independent school in Salisbury, before passing his 11 + exam and continuing to Bishop Wordsworth's School, a voluntary-aided state day grammar school, in the Cathedral Close of the city.

In the Republic of Ireland the Union with Ireland Act 1800 ( that passed in Great Britain ) was not formally repealed until the passing by the Oireachtas of the Statute Law Revision Act 1983.

Having originally been a proponent of new German-Austria becoming a part of the democratic German Republic, he expected Nazism to be but a passing phenomenon not worse than the dictatorship of Dollfuss ' and Schuschniggs's authoritarian one-party system.

The name of the state remained Ireland, even after the passing of the Republic of Ireland Act, see names of the Irish state.

In 2006 the state of Louisiana formally linked the name " Bonnie Blue " to the West Florida banner by passing a law designating the Bonnie Blue Flag as " the official flag of the Republic of West Florida Historic Region ".

In 1664 he departed for the University of Padua, in the Venetian Republic, passing through Flanders, Paris and Rome on his way.

Motorway 1 ( A1 ), colloquially referred to as the PAThE motorway ( derived from the initials of the route: Patras – Athens – Thessaloniki – Evzoni ( the border crossing with the Republic of Macedonia )); is the oldest and most important motorway of Greece, connecting the country's largest cities, Athens and Thessaloniki and passing through many important regions of Greece on a south-north direction.

However, as the People's Republic of China has threatened to use military force against Taiwan by passing the Anti-Secession Law in March 2005 and continuing the buildup of missiles opposite the Taiwan Strait, the no intent of aggression provision may have long been violated.

See Ankara for the history of this region which has seen the passing of numerous great civilisations including Phrygians, Lydians, Persians and Alexander the Great, Galatians ; the city of Ankara becoming a fortified stronghold of the Byzantines ; and then falling to the Seljuk Turks, and later the Ottoman Empire ; and finally being chosen by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as the site of Turkish parliament in 1920 and subsequently in 1923 as the capital city of the Republic of Turkey.

Fraser's government reacted by passing the Republic of Ireland Act 1949, which treated the new state as if it were still a member of the Commonwealth.

From the Padre Champagnat Street towards the Ver-o-Peso Market, passing by Portugal Avenue and Castilho França Boulevard, going up the Presidente Vargas Avenue, reaching the Republic Square to get to the Nazaré Avenue as far as the Architectonic Centre of Nazareth, known for its Sanctuary Square.

DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE The directorate is responsible for determining the information needed on the internal and external elements threatening the national and territorial integrity, the existence, the freedom, the security, the Constitutional order and the institutions of the Republic of Turkey ; for passing this need to the operational units ; and for disseminating the intelligence produced after assessing the gathered information to the relevant institutions at the right time.

Motivated by the difficult situation through which the Republic was passing, with the aggravation of the Carlist War, Emilio Castelar commenced the reorganization of the army, announcing before the Cortes " to sustain this form of government, I need much infantry, much cavalry, much artillery, much Civil Guard, and many riflemen.

The passing of the law was met with particular resistance and criticism in the Republic of Tatarstan, as it replaced the Turkish Latin alphabet which the local government tried to promote in education after the dissolution of USSR.

During important celebrations in the People's Republic of China, military parades are conducted on Chang ' an Avenue, with the procession travelling from East to West along the avenue, passing before Tiananmen gate.

It dates from 1905 and owes its existence to the bay of the same name having been chosen as the sea terminus of the Benguela railway to the far interior, passing through Luau to Katanga in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The initial UN presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, before the passing of Resolution 1291, was a force of military observers to observe and report on the compliance on factions with the peace accords, a deployment authorised by the earlier Resolution 1258 ( 1999 ).

The 1979 Constitution of the Islamic Republic called for the judiciary to be " an independent power ," and charges it with " investigating and passing judgement on grievances ; ... supervising the proper enforcement of laws ; ... uncovering crimes ; prosecuting, punishing, and chastising criminals ;" taking " suitable measures " to prevent crime and reform criminals.

After the election of the first Majles of the Islamic Republic, the Majles and the Guardian Council quickly codified important features of the sharia law by passing two landmark bills: