Bernardino Ochino ( 1487, Siena, Republic of Siena – 1564, Austerlitz, Habsburg Moravia ) was an Italian Reformer.

He and his descendants ruled over the fiefs of Soana, Pitigliano and Nola, but in the early 15th century wars against the Republic of Siena and the Colonnas caused to lost of several territories.

* April 17 – After 18 months of siege, the Republic of Siena surrenders to the Florentine – Imperial army.

* The Guelph Republic of Siena allows exiled Ghibelline rebels back into the city.

The Palazzo Pubblico of the Republic of Siena and the Palazzo Vecchio of the Republic of Florence, both town halls, date from 1297 and 1299 respectively.

For 2011, the destinations are: Sydney, Australia ; Czech Republic, Hungary, Austria and Poland ; Hong Kong ; Shanghai & Beijing ; Amazon, Galapogos & Andes ; Oxford ; Tours ; Berlin ; Siena ; Mumbai ; Tokyo ; Madaba ; Nairobi, Masai Mara & Mombasa ; U. S. or Overseas and Austria, Bosnia, Croatia & Slovenia.

By the mid-14th century, Siena had declined as a power in Tuscany, eclipsed by the rise in power of Florence, who defeated the Republic of Siena in 1555.

* Antonio de Venafro ( 1459 – 1530 ), advisor to Pandolfo Petrucci, Ruler of the Republic of Siena

During Cosimo's reign, Florence purchased the island of Elba from the Republic of Genoa ( in 1548 ) and made its largest territorial acquisition ( the annexation of the Republic of Siena in 1555 ).

Tuscany was divided into two main administrative districts: the stato nuovo ( the new state ) consisting of the former Republic of Siena, and the stato vecchio ( the old state ), the old Republic of Florence and her dependencies.

In the summer of 1423 Alfonso persuaded the Republic of Siena to acknowledge Clement VIII, thus securing recognition for the pope of the Avignon line in the very city, Pavia, which was part of the Republic of Siena, where the Roman pope Martin V had convened an ecumenical council of the Church.

He returned to his native Siena after the Sack of Rome ( 1527 ) where he was employed as architect to the Republic.

On 17 April 1555, Florentine and Spanish forces occupied the Republic of Siena after a brief conflict.

In the 12th century it was repeatedly attacked by the Republic of Siena, which the Poliziani faced with the help of the Perugia and Orvieto, and sometimes Florence, communes.

The county of Pitigliano-Sorano fought against the Republic of Siena, but was forced to accept its suzerainty from 1417.

The recent history of the Dominican Republic is an almost classical study of the way in which even a professedly benevolent dictatorship tends to become oppressive.

An illustration of this attitude is found in John A. McCone's letter to Dr. Thomas Lauritsen, reported in a note elsewhere in this issue of The New Republic.

The Secretary of the Treasury, upon the concurrence of the Secretary of State, is authorized and directed, out of the sum covered into the Yugoslav Claims Fund pursuant to subsection ( B ) of this section, after completing the payments of such funds pursuant to subsection ( C ) of this Section, to make payment of the balance of any sum remaining in such fund to the Government of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia to the extent required under Article 1 ( C ) of the Yugoslav Claims Agreement of 1948.

In Plato's Republic communism is -- to speak anachronistically -- a communism of Janissaries.

Moreover, it is too readily forgotten that in the Republic what gave the initial impetus to Plato's excursus into the construction of an imaginary commonwealth with its ruling-class communism of goods, wives, and children, was his quest for a canon for the proper ordering of the individual human psyche ; ;

and it is to this problem that the Republic ultimately returns.

To derive Utopian communism from the Jerusalem Christian community of the apostolic age or from its medieval successors-in-spirit, the monastic communities, is with an appropriate shift of adjectives, misleading in the same way as to derive it from Plato's Republic: in the Republic we have to do with an elite of physical and intellectual athletes, in the apostolic and monastic communities with an elite of spiritual and religious athletes.

In some countries the trend has gone further than others: Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela are displaying open sympathy for Castroism, and there is no country -- save the Dominican Republic whose funeral services we recently arranged -- where Castroism and Anti-Americanism does not prevent the government from unqualifiedly espousing the American cause.

And while the nation was formerly named `` The Islamic Republic of Pakistan '', it is now simply `` The Republic of Pakistan ''.

Zhuyin ( sometimes called Bopomofo ) is a semi-syllabary used to phonetically transcribe Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China.

After the later establishment of the People's Republic of China and its adoption of Hanyu Pinyin, the use of Zhuyin today is limited, but it's still widely used in Taiwan where the Republic of China still governs.

Afghanistan ( Persian / Pashto:, Afġānistān ), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and to some extent Western Asia.

Several of the dialects have been influenced by contact with non-Germanic linguistic groups, such as the dialect of Carinthia, where in the past many speakers were bilingual with Slovene, and the dialect of Vienna, which has been influenced by immigration during the Austro-Hungarian period, particularly from what is today the Czech Republic.

Anatolia ( from Greek — " east " or "( sun ) rise "; also Asia Minor, from " small Asia "; in modern ) is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey.

* 1866 – The Grand Army of the Republic, an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War, is founded.

* 1846 – The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.

* 1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean.

* 1661 – The Treaty of The Hague is signed by Portugal and the Dutch Republic.

Since 2001, the economic activity in the country is regulated by the Ministry of Economic Development of Azerbaijan Republic.

Armenia is bordered on the north by Georgia, on the east by Azerbaijan, on the southwest by the Nakhchivan Republic of Azerbaijan, on the south by Iran, and on the west by Turkey.

A new party, the Republic Party, is headed by ex-Prime Minister Aram Sargsyan, brother of Vazgen Sargsyan, and has become the primary voice of the opposition, which also includes the Armenian Communist Party, the National Unity party of Artashes Geghamyan, and elements of the former Ter-Petrosyan government.

Fricktal, ceded in 1802 by Austria via Napoleonic France to the Helvetic Republic, was briefly a separate Swiss canton under a Statthalter (' Lieutenant '), but on 9 March 1803 was incorporated in the canton of Aargau.

This principle is incorporated in to the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia and further elaborated in its Criminal Procedure Act.

In 1951, he and the Tibetan government formally accepted the Seventeen Point Agreement by which Tibet was formally incorporated into the People's Republic of China.

* 1837 – Houston, Texas is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.

Malden was incorporated in the British Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony in 1972, and included in the portion of the colony which became the Republic of Kiribati in 1979.

It was incorporated by the Congress of the Republic of Texas on February 3, 1845.

As a result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the new state was incorporated into the Soviet Union in June 1940 as the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic.

This flag was used as the flag of the Zoutpansberg Republic until this republic was incorporated into the Transvaal Republic also known as the South African Republic.

* June 5 – The city of Houston, is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.

* Melita ( Malta ) is incorporated into the Roman Republic.

Epicureanism incorporated a relatively full account of the social contract theory, following after a vague description of such a society in Plato's Republic.

It remained a British colony until being incorporated into the independent Union of South Africa in 1910 ( now known as the Republic of South Africa ).

The Giudicato of Cagliari was divided into three parts: the northwest third, went to Gallura ; the centre was incorporated into Arborea ; the region of Sulcis and Iglesiente, on the south-west, were given to the Pisan della Gherardesca family, while the Republic of Pisa maintained the control over his colony of Castel di Castro.

Many citizens were very happy with his arrival ; they had feared that the Republic would be incorporated into the French Empire.

In 1839 the City of Galveston adopted a charter and was incorporated by the Congress of the Republic of Texas.

In 1998, the year of the centennial commemoration of the Republic of the Philippines, a Gay and Lesbian Pride March was incorporated in the mammoth " citizens ' parade " which was part of the official centennial celebration.

It was not until 1864 that Zoutpansberg was definitely incorporated in the South African Republic.

In 1795 Guelders was finally conquered and incorporated by the French First Republic, and partitioned between the départements of Roer and Meuse-Inférieure.

Under the model that was chosen, however, the territory of the former German Democratic Republic was simply incorporated into the Federal Republic of Germany, and accordingly the Federal Republic of Germany, now enlarged to include the Eastern States, continued legally to exist under the same legal personality that was founded in May 1949.

In 1799 Salerno was incorporated into the Parthenopean Republic.