The Romans also invented the superposed order.

It is a simplified adaptation of the Doric order by the Romans.

Its location is remarkable as the Aventine is situated outside the pomerium, i. e. original territory of the city, in order to comply with the tradition that Diana was a goddess common to all Latins and not exclusively of the Romans.

Ancient Romans abhorred the name Rex (" king "), and it was critical to the political order to maintain the forms and pretenses of republican rule.

In order to compensate for the lack of experience, and to make use of standard land military tactics on sea, the Romans equipped their new ships with a special boarding device, the corvus.

In order to avoid the corvus, the Carthaginians were forced to navigate around them and approach the Romans from behind, or from the side.

The Romans were also in the habit of destroying their own forts during an orderly withdrawal, in order to deny resources to an enemy.

The Romans resolved to send a consul to Spain and, in order to accelerate the dispatch of aid, " they even made the new consuls enter on office two months and a half before the legal time " ( 15th of March ).

" at which point the listeners outline all forms of positive aspects of the Roman occupation such as sanitation, medicine, education, wine, public order, irrigation, roads, a fresh water system, public health and peace, followed by " what have the Romans ever done for us except sanitation, medicine, education ...".

In 64, most of Rome was destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome, which many Romans believed Nero himself had started in order to clear land for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea.

In order to defend against Saxon raiders, the Romans created a military district called the Litus Saxonicum (" Saxon Coast ") on both sides of the English Channel.

Under its new Sassanid rulers, Persia had grown into a rival superpower, and the Romans would have to make drastic reforms in order to better prepare their state for a confrontation.

Marcellinus comes recorded that the Romans ( meaning the East Romans or in modern naming the Byzantines ) allowed them to resettle depopulated " lands and cities " near Singidunum ( modern Belgrade ); this was done " by order of Anastasius Caesar " sometime between June 29 and August 31, 512.

Alexander gives the order to march to the capital at Ctesiphon, but the Romans are defeated and withdraw to Syria.

But when Gelimer reached Ammatas's position and discovered that his brother had been killed, by the vanguard of John the Armenian, he became disconsolate and failed to give an order for one more assault — which would probably have destroyed the reeling Roman army and cut off the Huns and Romans who had earlier advanced toward Carthage after beating Ammatas and Gibamund.

The Romans did not feel restricted by Greek aesthetic axioms alone in order to achieve these objectives.

Since the Romans dropped the request of the triglyph covered corner, now both columns and triglyphs could be arranged in equidistant order again and well centered together.

Fritigern's objective was to delay the Romans, in order to give enough time for the Gothic cavalry to return.

Rather than an accurate account of Jesus ' relationship to Pharisees and other Jewish leaders, this view holds that the Gospels instead reflect the competition and conflict between early Christians and Pharisees for leadership of the Jews, or reflects Christian attempts to distance themselves from Jews in order to present themselves in a more sympathetic ( and benign ) light to Romans and other Gentiles — thus making them a biased source concerning the conduct of the Pharisees.

Meanwhile Cestius Gallus moved into the region with the twelfth legion, but was unable to restore order and suffered defeat at the battle of Beth-Horon, forcing the Romans to retreat from Jerusalem.

Protrepticus ( Exhortation to the Greeks ) ( c. 190 ) IV-" Another new deity was added to the number with great religious pomp in Egypt, and was near being so in Greece by the king of the Romans, who deified Antinous 130CE, whom he loved as Zeus loved Ganymede, and whose beauty was of a very rare order: for lust is not easily restrained, destitute as it is of fear ; and men now observe the sacred nights of Antinous, the shameful character of which the lover who spent them with him knew well.

Plutarch suggests that he played on superstition to give himself an aura of awe and divine allure, in order to cultivate more gentle behaviours among the warlike early Romans, such as honoring the gods, abiding by law, behaving humanely to enemies, and living proper, respectable lives.

Ancient Romans made an extra bed after the birth of a child in order to ensure the help of Pilumnus.

During that year, the Vandals had become heavily involved in a war with the Franks, who were already settled in Gaul as allies of the Romans, and who attempted to keep the Vandals out.

Bases allowed the Romans to keep a large number of soldiers in the field waiting for the opportunity to strike.

Moreover, the retirement of the indemnity removed one of the main incentives the Romans had to keep the peace with Carthage-there were no further payments that might be interrupted.

While the Roman Republic was annexing territories in Anatolia through skilled diplomacy, Antiochus was able to keep Commagene independent from the Romans.

Like many other aspects of the Roman world, chariot racing continued in the Byzantine Empire, although the Byzantines did not keep as many records and statistics as the Romans did.

The section also had the beaks of ships mounted on its front, but to what battle they would be attributed to is unclear as the Romans had no naval enemies at that time and may simply have been replicas fabricated to keep the exterior architectural elements the same.

Polybius remarks: “ Greek statesmen, if entrusted with a single talent, though protected by ten checking-clerks, as many seals and twice as many witnesses, yet cannot be induced to keep faith ; whereas among the Romans, in their magistracies and embassies, men have the handling of a great amount of money, and yet from pure respect for their oath keep their faith intact .” ³

The Romans obstinately defended themselves in a six hours ' fight ; when, seeing that they could no longer keep the enemy out, they made a sortie, which was successful.

The camp allowed the Romans to keep a rested and supplied army in the field.

As long as the Italians remained loyal to Rome, then there was no hope that Hannibal would win ; but should the Romans keep on losing battles, their allies ’ faith in Rome would weaken.

This was quickly suppressed but revealed the dangers in the Romans ' client kingdom system of which the Brigantes were a part ; troops from the Legio XIV Gemina were stationed in the area to keep the Brigantian peace.

Alternatively, in later centuries when the threat of invasion had receded and the Irish were themselves invading the western parts of Britain, the desire to keep communications secret from Romans or Romanised Britons would still have provided an incentive .. With bilingual ogham and Latin inscriptions in Wales, however, one would suppose that the ogham could easily be decoded by anyone in the Post-Roman world.

Ancient Romans, for example, utilized urine and goat milk as a product to make and keep their teeth whiter.

There was also, for some period, a military crew of Romans stationed there to keep Illyrians under control.

The Romans later built outposts in the area and, to keep Roman Britannia separate from the Celtic and Pictish Caledonia, constructed the Antonine Wall, remains of which can still be seen in Glasgow today.

When the Romans levy new taxes, Whosemoralsarelastix asks the people of Asterix's village to guard a cauldron full of money, his village's treasures, claiming that he is trying to keep the money away from the imminent visit of the Roman tax collectors.

One of these became the Latin alphabet, which was spread across Europe as the Romans expanded their empire.

The ancient Romans often used mercury-tin amalgams for gilding their armor.

Although Romans who had been adopted into a new family usually retained their old nomen in cognomen form ( e. g. Octavianus for one who had been an Octavius, Aemilianus for one who had been an Aemilius, etc.

According to Romans 9 – 11, supporters claim, Jewish election as the chosen people ceased with their national rejection of Jesus as Messiah.

The Gauls were ambivalent in their policies toward the Romans.

They launched a major invasion of Gaul and northern Italy in 268, when the Romans were forced to denude much of their German frontier of troops in response to a massive invasion of the Goths from the east.

According to legend, Castor and Pollux announced to one of their ancestors the victory of the Romans over the Latins at the battle of Lake Regillus, and, to confirm the truth of what they had just said, they stroked his black hair and beard, which immediately became red.

Although most of the legions were lost, about 10, 000 Romans cut their way through to safety, maintaining unit cohesion.

They sprung the attack when the Romans were most vulnerable-when they had left their fortified camp, and were on the march in a pounding rainstorm.

Its invention is credited to the Celts, the Romans were thought to have adopted their design.

Renaissance editors sometimes added AUC to Roman manuscripts they published, giving the false impression that the Romans usually numbered their years using the AUC system.

Later, under the Romans, cities in the empire often continued to issue their own coinage.

The native Britons, whose Christian church survived the departure of the Romans, earn Bede's ire for refusing to help convert the Saxons ; by the end of the Historia the English, and their Church, are dominant over the Britons.

The Romans were defeated and their commander, the consul Lucius Cassius Longinus was killed in the action.

After a series of wars they were decisively beaten by the Romans in a battle near Mutina ( Modena ) and their territory became part of the Roman province of Cisalpine Gaul.

According to Strabo, writing two centuries after the events, rather than being destroyed by the Romans like their Celtic neighbours, " the Boii were merely driven out of the regions they occupied ; and after migrating to the regions round about the Ister, lived with the Taurisci, and carried on war against the Daci until they perished, tribe and all — and thus they left their country, which was a part of Illyria, to their neighbours as a pasture-ground for sheep.

According to Tacitus, they drew inspiration from the example of Arminius, the prince of the Cherusci who had driven the Romans out of Germany in AD 9, and their own ancestors who had driven Julius Caesar from Britain.

However, the lack of manoeuvrability of the British forces, combined with lack of open-field tactics to command these numbers, put them at a disadvantage to the Romans, who were skilled at open combat due to their superior equipment and discipline.

First, the Romans stood their ground and used volleys of pila ( heavy javelins ) to kill thousands of Britons who were rushing toward the Roman lines.

As the Romans advanced in a wedge formation, the Britons attempted to flee, but were impeded by the presence of their own families, whom they had stationed in a ring of wagons at the edge of the battlefield, and were slaughtered.

Zonaras vividly narrates how " he and his son and a large number of Romans fell into the marshland ; all of them perished there, none of their bodies to be found, as they were covered by the mud.

The Romans first codified their constitution in 450 BC as the Twelve Tables.

Uldin, a prince of the Huns, appeared on the Danube about this time and advanced into Thrace, but he was deserted by many of his followers, who joined with the Romans in driving their king back north of the river.