However, while Apollo has a great number of appellations in Greek myth, only a few occur in Latin literature, chief among them Phoebus ( ; Φοίβος, Phoibos, literally " radiant "), which was very commonly used by both the Greeks and Romans in Apollo's role as the god of light.

The term allocutio was used by the ancient Romans for the speech made by a commander to his troops, either before a battle or during it, to animate and encourage them.

The ancient Romans often used mercury-tin amalgams for gilding their armor.

Nevertheless the Lombards viewed Italy as a rich land which promised great booty, assets Alboin used to gather together a horde which included not only Lombards but many other peoples of the region, including Heruli, Suebi, Gepids, Thuringii, Bulgars, Sarmatians, the remaining Romans and a few Ostrogoths.

* or Areian: the designation of an inhabitant of Aria ( a region in the eastern part of the Persian empire ; today's Herat ), used by the ancient and medieval Greeks ( as Ἄρ ( ε ) ιοι / Ar ( e ) ioi ) and Romans ( as Arii ).

The Romans also used cement, which reduced the variation of strength found in natural stone.

Troops were often actually used to storm enemy ships as used by Romans and pirates.

They retained the honour of the ancient association with the Romans, not required to pay tribute or taxes and used by the Romans only for war: " They furnished to the Empire nothing but men and arms ", Tacitus remarked.

The Romans often used " German " as a geographical rather than ethnic classification.

First, the Romans stood their ground and used volleys of pila ( heavy javelins ) to kill thousands of Britons who were rushing toward the Roman lines.

Concrete technology was known by the Ancient Romans and was widely used within the Roman Empire.

The most commonly seen pattern is the grid, used for thousands of years in China, independently invented by Alexander the Great's city-planner Dinocrates of Rhodes and favoured by the Romans, while almost a rule in parts of pre-Columbian America.

The Romans used precursors made of reusable wax-covered tablets of wood for taking notes and other informal writings.

Martial used the term with reference to gifts of literature exchanged by Romans during the festival of Saturnalia.

The Romans also used death penalty for a wide range of offenses.

For example, he believed ( as most Romans ) that his ancestor Appius Claudius Caecus had used the censorship to introduce the letter " R " and so used his own term to introduce his new letters.

The word " cement " traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder.

It was, in fact, nothing like any material used by the Romans, but was a " Natural cement " made by burning septaria – nodules that are found in certain clay deposits, and that contain both clay minerals and calcium carbonate.

Mixtures of ground pozzolan and lime are the cements used by the Romans, and can be found in Roman structures still standing ( e. g. the Pantheon in Rome ).

Mail Armour was introduced to the Middle East and Asia through the Romans and was adopted by the Sassanid Persians starting in the 3rd century CE, where it was supplemental to the scale and lamellar armours already used.

The Egyptians, Persians and other civilizations mostly used columns for the practical purpose of holding up the roof inside a building, preferring outside walls to be decorated with reliefs or painting, but the Ancient Greeks, followed by the Romans, loved to use them on the outside as well, and the extensive use of columns on the interior and exterior of buildings is one of the most characteristic features of classical architecture, in buildings like the Parthenon.

Romans did not mark same-sex relations as " homosexual " if an adult male used a slave or prostitute, characteristically a youth, as his passive partner ( see Homosexuality in ancient Rome ); these relations, however, were expected to play a secondary role to marriage, within which institution an adult male demonstrated his masculine authority as head of household ( paterfamilias ).

He managed to capture Castra Vetera, the Romans lost two legions while two others ( I Germanica and XVI Gallica ) were controlled by the rebels.

According to Strabo, writing two centuries after the events, rather than being destroyed by the Romans like their Celtic neighbours, " the Boii were merely driven out of the regions they occupied ; and after migrating to the regions round about the Ister, lived with the Taurisci, and carried on war against the Daci until they perished, tribe and all — and thus they left their country, which was a part of Illyria, to their neighbours as a pasture-ground for sheep.

At Aquae Sextiae, the Romans won two battles and took the Teuton king Teutobod prisoner.

The Romans adapted all the Greek orders and also developed two orders of their own, basically modification of Greek orders.

January and February were the last two months to be added to the Roman calendar, since the Romans originally considered winter a monthless period.

With Consular armies destroyed in two major battles, and Hannibal approaching Rome's gates, the Romans feared the imminent destruction of their city.

In the fifth and sixth centuries, the Goths separated into two tribes, the Visigoths, who became federates of the Romans, and the Ostrogoths, who joined the Huns.

But this arrangement soon gave way before the ambition of one of these tetrarchs, Deiotarus, the contemporary of Cicero and Julius Caesar, who made himself master of the other two tetrarchies and was finally recognized by the Romans as ' king ' of Galatia.

Various sects of Christianity also spread throughout Iran, and Manichaeism developed from the two religions ; these were initially tolerated but later persecuted as the Romans followed the opposite route.

Although a truce was signed in 441, war resumed two years later with another failure by the Romans to deliver the tribute.

The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni and their allies in two battles: the first, assuming a Richborough landing, on the river Medway, the second on the Thames.

Duke Frederick II and Conrad, the two current male Staufer, by their mother Agnes were grandsons of late Emperor Henry IV and nephews of Henry V. Frederick attempted to succeed to the throne of the Holy Roman Emperor ( formally known as the King of the Romans ) through a customary election, but lost to the Saxon duke Lothair of Supplinburg.

Thus, Hannibal took the Romans by surprise a scant two years later in 218 BC by merely reviving and adapting the original Gaulish-Carthaginian invasion plan of his brother-in-law.

The Romans then mounted two sieges of Capua, which fell in 211 BC, and completed their conquest of Syracuse and destruction of the Carthaginian army in Sicily.

According to Ruickbie ( 2004, p. 19 ) the Greeks observed two days sacred to Hecate, one on the 13th of August and one on the 30th of November, whilst the Romans observed the 29th of every month as her sacred day.

Later the staff had two intertwined snakes and sometimes it was crowned with a pair of wings and a ball, but the old form remained in use even when Hermes was associated with Mercury by the Romans.

Inns in Europe were possibly first established when the Romans built their system of Roman roads two millennia ago.

In AD 295 incest was explicitly forbidden by an imperial edict, which divided the concept of incestus into two categories of unequal gravity: the incestus iuris gentium, which was applied to both Romans and non-Romans in the Empire, and the incestus iuris civilis, which concerned only Roman citizens.

The Romans resolved to send a consul to Spain and, in order to accelerate the dispatch of aid, " they even made the new consuls enter on office two months and a half before the legal time " ( 15th of March ).

There is no amount of money or land that will satisfy greed, but ancient Romans veterans of the Punic wars or of the war against Pyrrhus were content with only two iugera ( acres ) of land in return for all their wounds.

This poll also featured two of the film's other famous lines (" What have the Romans ever done for us?

Beginning around the 3rd century BC, it took two centuries to become a dominant literature of Ancient Rome, with many educated Romans still reading and writing in Ancient Greek, as late as Marcus Aurelius ( 121 – 180 AD ).

The rampart was complete in the spring of 73, after probably two to three months of siege, allowing the Romans to finally breach the wall of the fortress with a battering ram on April 16.

I believed its own claim about itself, that it was determined to translate exactly what was there, and inject no extra paraphrasing or interpretative glosses .... Disillusionment set in over the next two years, as I lectured verse by verse through several of Paul's letters, not least Galatians and Romans.