Troy cannot have been Asagarth, Snorri realizes, the reason being that the Æsir in Asaland were unsettled by the military activities of the Romans ; that is, of the Byzantine Empire.

The Germanics were in Germany and Scandinavia during earliest mention of them in Roman literature, long before the Romans had even conquered Italy.

The Gauls were ambivalent in their policies toward the Romans.

They launched a major invasion of Gaul and northern Italy in 268, when the Romans were forced to denude much of their German frontier of troops in response to a massive invasion of the Goths from the east.

Underneath the royal class were the nobles ( called optimates by the Romans ) and warriors ( called armati by the Romans ).

Making Antioch his base, he marched at the head of his troops towards Ctesiphon, but a second army was destroyed by the Persians, and further losses were incurred by the retreating Romans in Armenia.

Several engagements took place outside the town and the Romans were eventually victorious.

Although most of the legions were lost, about 10, 000 Romans cut their way through to safety, maintaining unit cohesion.

They sprung the attack when the Romans were most vulnerable-when they had left their fortified camp, and were on the march in a pounding rainstorm.

Its invention is credited to the Celts, the Romans were thought to have adopted their design.

They were constantly at war with the Romans, who eventually conquered them.

The sanctity of the shrine ensured certain privileges to the people of Abae, and these were confirmed by the Romans.

The baths were known to the Romans as Aponi fons or Aquae Patavinae.

Before Caesar's time they had attached themselves to the Romans, and were honoured with the title of brothers and kinsmen of the Roman people.

The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the ancient Romans.

It is, however, apparent that by the time of the Romans, coins featuring a star or crescent in some combination were not at all rare.

In 107 BC, the Battle of Burdigala was fought by the Romans who were defending the Allobroges, an allied Roman tribe, and the Tigurini led by Divico.

The Romans were defeated and their commander, the consul Lucius Cassius Longinus was killed in the action.

Discipline within the troops is often of greater importance ; at the Battle of Alesia, the Romans were greatly outnumbered but won because of superior training.

Troops were often actually used to storm enemy ships as used by Romans and pirates.

Over the last half of the 20th century, historical and archaeological research has increasingly supported the theory that the remnants of the Celtic Boii were absorbed into the Roman Empire and later intermingled with other Germanic peoples who chose to stay ( or were stationed by the Romans ) in the area.

The Batavi were an ancient Germanic tribe, originally part of the Chatti, that lived around the Rhine delta, in the area that the Romans called Batavia and that is currently the Netherlands, from the second half of the first century BC to the third century AD.

After the capture of Constantinople ( also called the Eastern Roman Empire ) in 1453, the Ottoman sultan's also styled themselves Kaysar-i Rum ( Emperor of the Romans ) as they asserted themselves to be the heirs to the Roman empire by right of conquest.

They forced the Eastern Roman Empire to sign the Treaty of Margus, giving the Huns trade rights and an annual tribute from the Romans.

However, when the Romans failed to deliver the agreed tribute, and other conditions of the Treaty of Margus were not met, both Hunnic kings turned their attention back to the Eastern Romans.

The war finally came to an end for the Eastern Romans in 449 with the signing of the Third Peace of Anatolius.

It is believed that the Romans brought Gouais Blanc from Croatia, and it was widely cultivated by peasants in Eastern France.

However during the Gothic War it was reconquered by the ( Eastern ) Romans in 540.

Although the classical Scythians may have largely disappeared by the 1st century BC, Eastern Romans continued to speak conventionally of " Scythians " to designate Germanic tribes and confederations or mounted Eurasian nomadic barbarians in general: in 448 AD two mounted " Scythians " led the emissary Priscus to Attila's encampment in Pannonia.

Zeno sent Genseric a high-ranking officer as ambassador, Severus, who succeeded in stipulating an " eternal " peace between the Vandals and the Eastern Roman Empire, a peace which allowed the Romans to pay ransoms for the prisoners in Vandal hands and which ended the Vandal persecution of Orthodox Christians in the Vandal territory.

In 532, Khosrau and Justinian, emperor of the Eastern Roman / Byzantine Empire concluded Pax Perpetuum, or the Eternal Peace in hopes of settling all land disputes between the Romans and Sassanians.

Bahram V began his reign with a systematic persecution of the Christians, among whom was James Intercisus, which led to a war with the Eastern Romans.

Eastern Mesopotamia was recovered by the Romans and Tiridates was reinstated as the monarch of Armenia.

But as Charles Brian Rose has noted, " The variable value of the Eastern costume and the uneasy interaction of Trojan and Parthian iconography can make it difficult to determine whether one is viewing the founders of the Romans or their fiercest opponents.

Other publications are: Judaistic Christianity ( 1894 ); Village Sermons ( two series ); Cambridge and other Sermons ; Prolegomena to ... Romans and Ephesians ( 1895 ); The Ante-Nicene Fathers ( 1895 ); and two Dissertations, on the reading of a Greek word in John i. 18, and on The Constantinopolitan and other Eastern Creeds in the Fourth Century.

In 620, the official language was changed from Latin to Greek, and although the Greek-speaking inhabitants were Romaioi ( Ῥωμαῖοι ), and were still considered Romans by themselves and the populations of Eastern Europe, the Near East, India, and China, many in Western Europe began to refer to the political entity as the " Greek Empire ".

The Eastern Romans, or Byzantines, partially recovered lost territory on numerous occasions but over time gradually lost all but Anatolia and parts of Thrace and the Balkans.

However, the Eastern Empire's inability to defend Rome from the Lombards, its Islamic-influenced bouts of iconclasm, and the Empress Irene's 797 coup led the pope to crown Charlemagne " Emperor of the Romans ".

*- i ( Afghanistan → Afghanistani, Azawad → Azawadi, Azerbaijan → Azerbaijani, Bahrain → Bahraini, Bangladesh → Bangladeshi, Bengal → Bengali, Bihar → Bihari, Dagestan → Dagestani, Desh → Desi, Gujarat → Gujarati, Hyderabad → Hyderabadi, Iraq → Iraqi, Israel → Israeli ( in the Modern State of Israel ), Kashmir → Kashmiri, Kazakhstan → Kazakhstani ( also " Kazakh "), Kuwait → Kuwaiti, Nepal → Nepali, Oman → Omani, Pakistan → Pakistani, Punjab → Punjabi, Qatar → Qatari, Rajasthan → Rajasthani, Sindh → Sindhi, Somalia → Somali ( not Somalian ), Tajikistan → Tajikistani ( also " Tajik "), United Arab Emirates → United Arab Emirati, Uzbekistan → Uzbekistani ( also " Uzbek "), Yemen → Yemeni, Yerevan → Yerevani ), mostly for Middle Eastern and South Asian locales and in Latinate names for the various people that ancient Romans encountered ( e. g. Allemanni, Helvetii )

The term Rûm means " Roman ", while Rumelia and Rumeli, mean " land of the Romans " referring to the lands conquered by the Ottomans from the Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire.

It later took on the more detailed meaning of " territory subjected to Eastern Roman rule ", whose citizens called themselves Romans ( Romàioi in Greek ).

In Antiquity, the Phrygian cap had two connotations: for the Greeks as showing a distinctive Eastern influence of non-Greek " barbarism " ( in the classical sense ) and among the Romans as a badge of liberty.

Yet, irrespective of all questions of choices and actions done by which and by whom, Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy, which all view the same books as the New Testament, view justification in the sight of God, the standing upright before God ( Romans 5: 1-2 ), as a gift of God ( Romans 3: 24 ) that cannot be merited by works done prior to God so giving it.

Ancient Romans distinguished between Oriental ( Eastern ) cultures that inhabited present-day Egypt and Occidental cultures that lived in the West.