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The Russo-Turkish War ended the Ottoman control of Cyprus in 1878 when Cyprus was left under the control of the United Kingdom ; with its conditions set out in the Cyprus Convention, although sovereignty of the island continued to belong to the Ottoman Empire until the Kingdom annexed the island unilaterally in 1914, when it declared war against the Ottomans at the First World War.
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Russo-Turkish and War
* 1876 – The April Uprising, a key point in modern Bulgarian history, leading to the Russo-Turkish War and the liberation of Bulgaria from domination as an independent part of the Ottoman Empire.
In the year 1789, Tipu Sultan ruler of the Sultanate of Mysore sent an embassy to the Ottoman capitol of Istanbul, to Sultan Abdul Hamid I requesting urgent assistance against the British East India Company and had proposed an offensive and defensive consortium ; Sultan Abdul Hamid I, informed the ambassadors of the Sultanate of Mysore that the Ottoman Empire was still recuperating from the Austro-Ottoman War and the Russo-Turkish Wars.
* 1877 – Russo-Turkish War: Russian Empire declares war on Ottoman Empire.
But it was not a secret that Bulgaria's target was the fulfilment of the never materialized Treaty of San Stefano signed after the Russo-Turkish War, 1877 – 78.
Serbia had gained substantial territory during the Russo-Turkish War, 1877 – 1878, while Greece acquired Thessaly in 1881 ( although it lost a small area back to the Ottoman Empire in 1897 ) and Bulgaria ( an autonomous principality since 1878 ) incorporated the formerly distinct province of Eastern Rumelia ( 1885 ).
The current resistance to Russian rule has its roots in the late 18th century ( 1785 – 1791 ), a period when Russia expanded into territories formerly under the dominion of Turkey and Persia ( see also the Russo-Turkish Wars and Russo-Persian War ( 1804 – 1813 )), under Mansur Ushurma — a Chechen Naqshbandi ( Sufi ) Sheikh — with wavering support from other North Caucasian tribes.
Following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828 – 29, in 1833 Russia pressured the Ottomans to sign the Treaty of Hunkiar Iskelesi — which required the straits to be closed to warships of non-Black Sea powers at Russia's request.
In 1878, Russia defeated the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War ; the resulting Treaty of San Stefano gave Russia considerable influence in the Balkans.
* 1788 – The Habsburg Empire joins the Russo-Turkish War in the Russian camp.
Russia protested the Turkish agreement with the French as a violation of the Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca of 1778 — the treaty which ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774.
Prince Menshikov called the attention of the Turks to the fact that during the Russo-Turkish War ( 1768 – 1774 ), the Russians had occupied the Turkish controlled provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia on the north bank of the Danube River, but he reminded them that pursuant to the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, however, the Russians had returned these " Danubian provinces " to Ottoman control in exchange for the right to protect the Christian sites in the Holy Land.
In response this latest change of mind by the Ottomans / Turks, the Russians, on 2 July 1853 occupied the Turkish-satellite states of Wallachia and Moldavia, as they had during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774.
" Accordingly, some observers, including Karl Marx and Frederick Engels predicted that there soon would be a Russo-Turkish War.
However, Marx and Engels predicted that any such Russo-Turkish War would necessarily become a European War.
The Russo-Turkish War was popular among Russians, who supported the independence of their fellow Orthodox Slavs, the Serbs and the Bulgarians.
* 1807 – Russo-Turkish War: Admiral Dmitry Senyavin destroys the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Athos.
* 1878 – Russo-Turkish War ( 1877 – 1878 ) – Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
* 1774 – Russo-Turkish War ( 1768 – 1774 ): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war.
The valley of the river Vardar, which was later to become the central area of the Republic of Macedonia, was ruled by the Ottoman Empire prior to the First Balkan War of 1912, with the exception of the brief period in 1878 when it was liberated from Ottoman rule after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, becoming part of Bulgaria.
* 1878 – The Russo-Turkish War ends as Bulgaria regains its independence from Ottoman Empire according to the Treaty of San Stefano ; shortly after Congress of Berlin stripped its status to an autonomous state of the Ottoman Empire.
* 1812 – Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov signs the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812.
This action provoked the Ottoman Empire into the First Russo-Turkish War of 1768 – 1774.
The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca of 1774 ended the First Russo-Turkish War and allowed that the Christian citizens of the Ottoman-controlled Rumanian provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia would be allowed freedom to worship.
Russo-Turkish and ended
The formal independence of the country was internationally recognized at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, which formally ended the Russo-Turkish War ; this treaty, however, prohibited Serbia from uniting with Bosnia by placing it under Austro-Hungarian occupation.
Following a failed Bulgarian revolt in 1876, the subsequent Russo-Turkish war ended with the provisional Treaty of San Stefano established a huge new realm of Bulgaria including most of Macedonia and Thrace.
Also close to Botev Peak is the Shipka Pass, the scene of the four battles in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78, which ended Turkish rule in the Balkans.
The document ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1768 – 1774 and marked a defeat of the Ottomans in their struggle against Russia.
The atrocities of the Ottoman Empire in suppressing unrest in the Balkan provinces eventually led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, which ended in Turkish defeat, and the signing of the Treaty of San Stefano in March 1878, followed in July of the same year by the Treaty of Berlin, severely reducing Ottoman territories and power in Europe.
After the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-12 ended, the Ottoman Empire exploited these circumstances and reconquered Serbia in 1813.
That kingdom was about to expand: under the Treaty of Kuçuk Kainarji, which had ended the previous Russo-Turkish war, the Crimean Khanate had become independent, though effectively under Russian control.
The fourth Russo-Turkish started in 1768 and ended in 1774 with the Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji.
The sixth Russo-Turkish War began in 1806 and ended in 1812 due to Napoleon's invasion of Russia.
However, the 1812 Treaty of Bucharest ended the Russo-Turkish War by the time he took command of the army.
This event effectively ended the Second Russo-Turkish War.
The Eastern Question is normally dated to 1774, when the Russo-Turkish War ( 1768 – 1774 ) ended in defeat for the Ottomans.
The April uprising was a failure as a revolution, but due to publicity that was given to the reprisals that followed, it led directly to European demands for reform of the Ottoman Empire, and the Russo-Turkish War, which ended in Turkish defeat, and the signing of the Treaty of San Stefano in March 1878, followed in July that year by the Treaty of Berlin.
On the island of Tenedos, the Turks were victorious, and the Russo-Turkish War ( 1768 – 1774 ) ended for Leborgne with his capture by the Turks, although some members of his regiment succeeded in escaping.
The Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 ended victoriously for Russia, which gained the coasts of the Sea of Azov and a part of the Black Sea coastline between the rivers Bug and Dniester.
The treaty ended the Russo-Turkish War, recognized Russia's 1783 annexation of the Crimean Khanate, and transferred Yedisan to Russia, making the Dniester the Russo-Turkish frontier in Europe while leaving the Asiatic frontier ( Kuban River ) unchanged.
The 10th Russo-Turkish War ( 1877 – 1878 ) ended with the signing of the preliminary Treaty of San Stefano, which cut large territories off the Ottoman Empire.
Russo-Turkish and Ottoman
After Russia's victory over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877 – 78, Bismarck helped negotiate a settlement at the Congress of Berlin.
In the south, after successful Russo-Turkish Wars against the Ottoman Empire, Catherine advanced Russia's boundary to the Black Sea, defeating the Crimean Khanate.
These Great Reforms spurred industrialization and modernized the Russian army, which had successfully liberated Bulgaria from Ottoman rule in 1877 – 78 Russo-Turkish War.
* 1829 – The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.
At the insistence of the Ottoman leader Talat Pasha, all lands Russia had captured from the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War ( 1877 – 1878 ), specifically Ardahan, Kars, and Batumi, were to be returned.
* December 6 – Russo-Turkish War, 1787-1792: The Ottoman fortress of Özi falls to the Russians after a prolonged siege and a murderous storm with a temperature of-23 degrees C.
* Beginning of the Russo-Turkish War ( 1806 – 1812 ) between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
* April 24 – Russo-Turkish War, 1877 – 1878: the Russian Empire declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
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