SNOBOL4 stands apart from most programming languages by having patterns as a first-class data type ( i. e. a data type whose values can be manipulated in all ways permitted to any other data type in the programming language ) and by providing operators for pattern concatenation and alternation.

SNOBOL4 was quite widely taught in larger US universities in the late 1960s and early 1970s and was widely used in the 1970s and 1980s as a text manipulation language in the humanities.

The SNOBOL4 language translator was still written in assembly language.

SNOBOL4 pattern-matching uses a backtracking algorithm similar to that used in the logic programming language Prolog, which provides pattern-like constructs via DCGs.

The file editor for the Michigan Terminal System used a pattern language derived from SNOBOL4.

Catspaw, Inc. at http :// www. snobol4. com /, provides a commercial implementation of the SNOBOL4 language for many different computer platforms, including DOS, Macintosh, Sun, RS / 6000, and others.

SPITBOL ( Speedy Implementation of SNOBOL ) is a compiled implementation of the SNOBOL4 language.

SNOBOL4 patterns subsume BNF grammars, which are equivalent to context-free grammars and more powerful than regular expressions.

The " regular expressions " in current versions of AWK and Perl are in fact extensions of regular expressions in the traditional sense, but regular expressions, unlike SNOBOL4 patterns, cannot be recursive, which gives a distinct computational advantage to SNOBOL4 patterns.

* A file editor ($ EDIT ) with both command line and " visual " interfaces and pattern matching based on SNOBOL4 patterns.

Minnesota SNOBOL4, By Viktors Berstis, the closest PC implementation to the original IBM mainframe version ( even including Fortran-like FORMAT statement support ) is also free, and is at http :// www. berstis. com / snobol4. htm.

To address this and to take advantage of the new computers being introduced in the late 1960s, the decision was taken to develop SNOBOL4 with many extra datatypes and features but based on a virtual machine to allow improved portability across computers.

SNOBOL ( StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language ) is a series of computer programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT & T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4.

One of the designers of SNOBOL, Ralph Griswold, designed successors to SNOBOL4 called SL5 and Icon, which combined the backtracking of SNOBOL4 pattern matching with more standard ALGOL-like structuring, as well as adding some features of their own.

SNOBOL4 is the fourth and latest incarnation of a series of special purpose programming languages for character string manipulation.

It is possible to write, for example, a SNOBOL4 pattern which matches " a complete name and international postal mailing address ", which is well beyond anything that is practical to even attempt using regular expressions.

The original implementation was on an IBM 7090 at Bell Labs, Holmdel, N. J. SNOBOL4 was specifically designed for portability ; the first implementation was started on an IBM 7094 in 1966 but completed on an IBM 360 in 1967.

Macro SNOBOL4 in C written by Phil Budne is a free, open source implementation, capable of running on almost any platform.

It was developed by Tony Brooker and Derrick Morris as a variant of the ALGOL programming language, removing some Algol features such as " passing parameters by name " ( which in Algol 60 means passing the address of a short subroutine to recalculate the parameter each time it was mentioned ).

One source asserts that the term entered the language in 1827, adapted from an extinct Aboriginal language of New South Wales, Australia, but mentions a variant, wo-mur-rang, which it dates from 1798.

This means that the spoken language in this part of Sweden is descended from a regional variant of Danish, while the written language used is standard Swedish, which evolved in Uppsala and Stockholm.

Similarly, the Norwegian language is classified as a descendant of West Norse, while the written language used by the vast majority in Norway is derived from an older variant of standard Danish.

In Norway, encyclopedias follow the unique history of the Norwegian language, the Bokmål variant having branched off from Danish during the 19th century.

In the Nynorsk variant of the language, Norsk Allkunnebok ( 10 volumes, 1948 – 1966 ) was the only encyclopedia until the arrival of Wikipedia.

Some speakers of Siberian Yupik languages used to speak an Eskimo variant in the past, before they underwent a language shift.

When considered over a countable language, the completeness and compactness theorems are equivalent to each other and equivalent to a weak form of choice known as weak König's lemma, with the equivalence provable in RCA < sub > 0 </ sub > ( a second-order variant of Peano arithmetic restricted to induction over Σ < sup > 0 </ sup >< sub style =" margin-left :- 0. 6em "> 1 </ sub > formulas ).

KL1 is an implementation of Flat GHC ( a subset of the Guarded Horn Clauses language by Kazunori Ueda ), making it a parallelised Prolog variant.

The Latgalian written language is also protected as a historic variant of the Latvian language.

* Michel, French language variant of Michael

* Michele, Italian language variant of Michael

* Miguel ( disambiguation ), Spanish and Portuguese language variant of Michael

Today most Egyptians see themselves, their history, culture and language ( the Egyptian variant of Arabic ) as specifically Egyptian and at the same time as a part of " Arabs.

The language variant used was different from the ones used in Navarre, i. e. a Béarnese Gascon, with Gascon being in use far longer than in Navarre and Aragon till the 19th century, thanks mainly to the close ties held by San Sebastian and Pasajes with Bayonne.

Smalltalk-80 was the first language variant made available outside of PARC, first as Smalltalk-80 Version 1, given to a small number of firms ( Hewlett-Packard, Apple Computer, Tektronix, and DEC ) and universities ( UC Berkeley ) for " peer review " and implementation on their platforms.

In the GNU runtime variant of the Objective-C programming language GNUstep, serialization ( more commonly known as archiving ) is achieved by overriding the and methods in the Object root class.

Currently, there are two open source alternative implementations of Turing: Open Turing, an open source version of the original interpreter, TPlus, a native compiler for the concurrent systems programming language variant Turing Plus, and OpenT, an abandoned project to develop a compiler for Turing.

True BASIC is a variant of the BASIC programming language descended from Dartmouth BASIC — the original BASIC — invented by college professors John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz.

Several generations later, the Norman descendants of these Viking settlers not only identified themselves as French but carried the French language, and their variant of the French culture, into England in 1066.

MNG, a variant of PNG that supports animation, reached version 1. 0 in 2001, but few applications support it.

* In the narrow sense SDSL is a particular DSL variant that supports data only on a single line and does not support analog calls.

The rare Old French variant spelling luef for Modern French lieu (' place ') supports the suggestion that a final of the Old French word was in certain environments perceived as an.

** back-hdb: a variant of back-bdb that is fully hierarchical and supports subtree renames

Typically either variant of the application is set up in a generic mail filter program, or it is called directly from a mail user agent that supports this, whenever new mail arrives.

According to Luciano Floridi, " informational structural realism " is a variant of structural realism that supports an ontological commitment to a world consisting of the totality of informational objects dynamically interacting with each other.

It is a sans-serif variant of the Lucida font family and supports Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and Hebrew scripts, as well as all the letters used in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Rendering images with this variant can use the same technique as before, except that now there's a near-isotropic geometry that supports both the horizontal and the vertical with the same geometric properties, making the layout ideal for displaying the same image details when the LCD panel can be rotated.

* KIKAItachi chess supports playing Dark chess variant among others.

* SEDIT ( first released in 1989 ) is another implementation on both Windows and Unix, which supports a variant of REXX language called S / REXX ( announced in 1994 ).< ref >

While the board sizes have to be 6 × 6, 8 × 8, 10 × 8, 10 × 10 or 12 × 8 and the pieces in a custom variant have to be chosen from a limited list, this allows ChessV to play hundreds or thousands of variants of each game it directly supports.

CMP supports Windows NT and Windows 2000 Server, AIX, Novell NetWare and UnixWare and can be run as one large SMP system or multiple systems with variant operating systems.