* 1846 – The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is established.

Euro gold and silver commemorative coins ( Austria )# 2005 coinage | Euro coin commemorating 60 Years of the Second Republic of Austria, featuring Athena Promachos

Another recent example is the 60 Years of the Second Republic commemorative coin issued by Austria in 2005.

After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free Republic, with governmental power vested in the Roman Senate, the executive magistrates, and the legislative assemblies.

* 1952 – The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty ( Treaty of Taipei ) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Initially led by Canovas del Castillo as moderate prime minister, what was thought at one time as a coup aimed at placing the military in the political-administrative positions of power, in reality ushered in a permanent civilian regime tat lasted until the 1931 Second Republic.

When the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, he fled and left Spain, but did not abdicate the throne.

The proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic was much celebrated in the city on 14 April 1931.

In the Netherlands, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, Germany, Scandinavia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Catalonia, 26 December is celebrated as the Second Christmas Day.

They contend that the Boers of the South African Republic ( ZAR ) and Orange Free State republics were recognized as a separate people or cultural group under international law by the Sand River Convention ( which created the South African Republic in 1852 ), the Bloemfontein Convention ( which created the Orange Free State Republic in 1854 ), the Pretoria Convention ( which re-established the independence of the South African Republic 1881 ), the London Convention ( which granted the full independence to the South African Republic in 1884 ) and the Vereeniging Peace Treaty, which formally ended the Second Anglo-Boer War on 31 May 1902.

Nevertheless, before the establishment of a literary standard of Macedonian in 1944, in most sources in and out of Bulgaria before the Second World War, the southern Slavonic dialect continuum covering the area of today's Republic of Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian dialects.

* 218 BC – Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia – Hannibal's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Roman Republic.

* 1851 – French President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte overthrows the Second Republic.

* 1931 – The Constituent Cortes approves the constitution which establishes the Second Spanish Republic.

* The Second Republic: 2012 -, Egypt need to strengthen the economy to exogenous shocks, improve productivity, competition, get out of the " informality trap ," invest in human capital via social protection from a human right-based approach to correct for market failures and build good trust in governance.

After World War I, most of West Prussia became part of the Second Polish Republic.

* 1848 – The French Revolution of 1848, which would lead to the establishment of the French Second Republic, begins.

* 2000 – Second Chechen War: Russia captures Grozny, Chechnya, forcing the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria government into exile.

With the defeat of the Imperial Army, the Second French Empire fell and the Third Republic was created.

Lieutenant Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong, temporarily commanding the First Brigade around Accra, led a bloodless coup that ended the Second Republic in January 1972.

With Conté as president, the CMRN set about dismantling Touré's oppressive regime, abolishing the authoritarian constitution, dissolving the sole political party and its mass youth and women's organizations, and announcing the establishment of the Second Republic.

* 1962 – Representatives from the Russian Orthodox Church and Vatican City meet in Metz, France, and come to an agreement wherein the Russian church would send observers to the Second Vatican Council and in exchange, the Roman Catholic Church would refuse to condemn Communism.

* Second Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1796 between Spain and France, allying the two nations.

It also encouraged other European countries to turn against France, and was a factor in the outbreak of the War of the Second Coalition.

Also encouraged by the British victory were the Austrian Empire and the Russian Empire, both of whom were mustering armies as part of a Second Coalition, which declared war on France in 1799.

Between the years 1852 and 1870 there was a Second French Empire, again a member of the Bonaparte dynasty would rule ; Napoleon III of France the son of Louis Bonaparte.

The War of the Second Coalition led to the creation of the Banque de France in 1800.

Following the Second World War, conservatives in France supported Gaullist groups and have been nationalistic, and emphasized tradition, order, and the regeneration of France.

Another example of this is the utilization of dirigisme, both of which were practiced in France and Great Britain after the Second World War.

France conquered Dahomey in the Second Franco-Dahomean War ( 1892 – 1894 ), and established a colonial government.

As Queen of France, she participated in the unsuccessful Second Crusade.

Second Crusade council: Conrad III of Germany, Eleanor's husband Louis VII of France, and Baldwin III of Jerusalem

Social, political, and economic upheaval in the wake of the conflict led to the Second World War, in which the Allies were defeated in the Battle of France and the French government surrendered and was replaced with an authoritarian regime.

He again fought against France during the Second and Third Coalition, when after meeting crushing defeat at Austerlitz, he had to agree to the Treaty of Pressburg, weakening the Austrian Empire and reorganizing Germany under a Napoleonic imprint that would be called the Confederation of the Rhine.

Three wars led to military successes and helped to persuade German people to do this: the Second war of Schleswig against Denmark in 1864, the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War against France in 1870 – 71.

Louis Bonaparte had been elected to a three-year term as President of the Second Republic of France on 20 December 1848.

Thus, on 2 December 1851, shortly before the end of his single three-year term in office was to expire, Louis Bonaparte staged a coup against the Second Republic in France, disbanded the elected Constituent Assembly, arrested some of the Republican leaders and declared himself Emperor Napoleon III of France.

The Eastern Question began as early as the 2 December 1852 with the Napoleonic coup against the Second Republic of France.

A Second Coalition of Britain, Russia, and Austria then attacked France but failed.

The Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911 saw another dispute over Morocco erupt when France tried to suppress a revolt there.

In 1147, Conrad heard Bernard of Clairvaux preach the Second Crusade at Speyer, and he agreed to join King Louis VII of France in a great expedition to the Holy Land which failed.

Following Napoleon's defeat in the Napoleonic Wars France went through several further regime changes, being ruled as a monarchy, then briefly as a Second Republic, and then as a Second Empire, until a more lasting French Third Republic was established in 1870.

He later involved the Kingdom of France in the Second Crusade but his relationship with Eleanor did not improve.