The case involved a challenge to a rule promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior interpreting § 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( ESA ).

* Treasury Regulations reflect the Treasury's interpretation of the IRC, may be promulgated by the Secretary of the Treasury, and when final they have " force of law " status.

As an unincorporated territory, the Ratification Act of 1929 vested all civil, judicial, and military powers in the President, who in turn delegated authority to the Secretary of the Interior in, who in turn promulgated the Constitution of American Samoa, which authorizes the court.

The active sponsor of Jefferson's measure for religious liberty in Virginia, Madison played the most influential single role in the drafting of the Constitution and in securing its ratification in Virginia, founded the first political party in American history, and, as Jefferson's Secretary of State and his successor in the Presidency, guided the nation through the troubled years of our second war with Britain.

In 1975, the Queen, through her Private Secretary, wrote that she " has no part in the decisions which the Governor-General must take in accordance with the Constitution ".

Furthermore, it has been argued that the Supreme Court should have been able to issue the writ on original jurisdiction based on the fact that Article III of the Constitution granted it the right to review on original jurisdiction " all cases affecting … public ministers and consuls ," and that James Madison, Secretary of State at the time and defendant of the suit, should have fallen into that category of a " public minister consul.

The validity of a ratification that a state first grants and then later purports to rescind, and of the subsequent ratification of an amendment which that state previously rejected and then later assented to, was addressed by Congress in 1868 when Secretary of State William H. Seward issued a proclamation that what we know today as the Fourteenth Amendment was properly ratified and a part of the Constitution.

On July 20, 1868, Secretary of State William H. Seward certified that the amendment had become part of the Constitution if the rescissions were ineffective, and presuming also that the later ratifications by states whose governments had been reconstituted superseded the initial rejection of the prior state legislatures.

On February 25, 1913, Secretary of State Philander Knox proclaimed that the amendment had been ratified by the necessary three-fourths of the states ; thus, it had become part of the Constitution.

It is named after Alexander Hamilton, the only member of the New York State delegation who signed the United States Constitution in 1787 and later the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.

Hamilton, then Secretary of the Treasury, argued that the Bank was an effective means to utilize the authorized powers of the government implied under the law of the Constitution.

Harrison immediately ordered the U. S. Secretary of War Stephen B. Elkins to address the situation under Article IV, Section 4, Clause 2 of the U. S. Constitution, which allows for the use of U. S. forces under the President's orders for " protection from invasion and domestic violence ".

According to the Party Constitution, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China is always a member of PSC.

In the Constitution of 1982, the President was conceived of as a figurehead head of state with actual state power resting in the hands of the Premier of the People's Republic of China and the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, both of which were conceived of as being separate people ; the President will only hold the office of the President, and not intervene directly in matters of the State Council or the Party.

The first suggestion was given by Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiromu Nonaka that, due to the new status of emperor as established in Article 1 of the Constitution of Japan, kimi meant the " emperor as the symbol of Japan ," and the entire lyrics wish for the peace and prosperity of Japan.

FitzGerald in 1973 met Cardinal Secretary of State Agostino Casaroli and proposed to further modify the Republic's Constitution to remove laws with overtly Catholic foundations, such as the bans on divorce and contraception, as well as to relax the public stigmas in Northern Ireland towards mixed religious marriages and integrated education.

The National Secretary has functional control of the National Headquarters on Constitution Avenue, Campbell, in Canberra.

On June 24, 1833, the staff and dignitaries including Vice President Martin Van Buren, Secretary of War Lewis Cass, Secretary of the Navy Levi Woodbury, and many Massachusetts officials, witnessed " one of the great events of American naval history ": the United States frigate Constitution was inaugurating the first naval drydock in New England designed by prominent civil engineer Loammi Baldwin, Jr .. On March 14, 1975, the historic ship floated out of the dock — the last commissioned vessel to use the facility.

Following the adoption of the United States Constitution, he became President Washington's Secretary of War.

Under the conventions of the 1982 Constitution, the President's role was largely symbolic, with formal executive power wielded by the CCP General Secretary and the Premier.

By virtue of these provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, the Senate adopts its own rules, otherwise known as the “ Rules of the Senate .” The Rules of the Senate provide the following officers: a President, a President pro tempore, a Secretary and a Sergeant-at-Arms.

#* Significance: Held at the culmination of the " Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution ," Mao's Party is decimated from infighting ; People's Liberation Army ( PLA ) influence on Party administration pronounced ; few members appointed to power during the previous Party Congress survive the 9th Congress politically ; former State Chairman and second-ranking Liu Shaoqi ( arrested 1966 ) and former CPC General Secretary Deng Xiaoping labelled " traitorous scabs and renegades "; Defence Minister Lin Biao becomes CPC Vice Chairman and Mao's " closest comrade-in-arms ", and is designated constitutionally as Mao's successor ; Mao's " thought " reinserted into CPC Party Constitution.

#* Significance: Hu Jintao elected General Secretary ; " Fourth Generation " of CPC leadership assumes control of the Party and the country ; Jiang Zemin packs the CPC Politburo Standing Committee with supporters, holds on to CPC CMC Chair ; Jiang's " Three Represents " theory enshrined in CPC Constitution.

* Mario Enrique Prieto Alvarado – Former Congressman and Secretary of Honduras National Congress ( 1982 – 1985 ), former member of Honduras 1980 – 81 National Assembly which approved the 1982 Honduras Constitution.

In January 2008, two members of the ruling coalition, former Senator José Korzeniak and Foreign Secretary Reinaldo Gargano, made proposals to reform the Constitution of Uruguay, focusing on the possibility of the immediate reelection of the President ( forbidden under the present constitution ).

Early in 1789, as plans went forward for establishing the new Congress under the recently ratified Constitution, a heated contest developed for the job of Senate Secretary.

The Secretary of War gave his assent after studying the history of the draft in the American Civil War as well as the British volunteer system in World War 1.

By maintaining the nuclear deterrent, but gearing American military forces to fight conventional wars too, Secretary of State Rusk junks bluff and nuclear brinkmanship and builds more muscle and greater safety into our military position.

The senior policy officer may be moved to think hard about a problem by any of an infinite variety of stimuli: an idea in his own head, the suggestions of a colleague, a question from the Secretary or the President, a proposal by another department, a communication from a foreign government or an American ambassador abroad, the filing of an item for the agenda of the United Nations or of any other of dozens of international bodies, a news item read at the breakfast table, a question to the President or the Secretary at a news conference, a speech by a Senator or Congressman, an article in a periodical, a resolution from a national organization, a request for assistance from some private American interests abroad, et cetera, ad infinitum.

On the Latin American front, the President held talks with Secretary of the Treasury Douglas Dillon before sending him to Uruguay and the Inter-American Economic and Social Council ( which the President himself had originally hoped to attend ).

In, the President of the United States directed that the Secretary of the Interior should take care for the administration of civil government in American Samoa.

* 1939 – John W. Snow, American politician, 73rd United States Secretary of the Treasury

* 1843 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician, 35th United States Secretary of War ( d. 1926 )

* 1884 – Ogden L. Mills, American businessman and politician, 50th United States Secretary of the Treasury ( d. 1937 )

* 1940 – William Cohen, American politician and author, 20th United States Secretary of Defense

* 1938 – Robert Rubin, American politician, 70th United States Secretary of the Treasury

* 1940 – James Brady, American activist, 15th White House Press Secretary

Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice ( who was famously mistaken for a " recent American immigrant " by French President Nicolas Sarkozy ), said " descendants of slaves did not get much of a head start, and I think you continue to see some of the effects of that.

In July 1782, in a change of government, Thomas Townshend became Secretary of State for Home and American Affairs ,, and assumed responsibility for organising an expedition against Spanish America.

* 1950 – Brian J. Doyle, American Deputy Press Secretary in the United States Department of Homeland Security

Abroad, a new trend of aggressive American influence emerged, evident in Secretary of State James G. Blaine's expressed belief that all of Central and South America would some day fall to the US.

When asked if the WikiLeaks of 2010 would damage American relations with other countries, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates noted that " governments deal with the United States because it's in their interest, not because they like us, not because they trust us, and not because they believe we can keep secrets.

* 1908 – John A. Volpe, American politician and 2nd United States Secretary of Transportation ( d. 1994 )

* 1924 – Alexander Haig, American Soldier & Civil servant, 7th Supreme Allied Commander Europe, 5th White House Chief of Staff and 59th United States Secretary of State ( d. 2010 )