This chapter uses the Socratic method of teaching and contains the " Scientific Statement of Being ".

However, since the teachers associated with perennialism are in a sense the authors of the Western masterpieces themselves, these teachers may be open to student criticism through the associated Socratic method, which, if carried out as true dialogue, is a balance between students, including the teacher promoting the discussion.

Perennialists believe that reading is to be supplemented with mutual investigations ( between the teacher and the student ) and minimally-directed discussions through the Socratic method in order to develop a historically oriented understanding of concepts.

The general method of such philosophers was elenkhos, more widely known today as the Socratic method.

* Socratic method

# REDIRECT Socratic method

# REDIRECT Socratic method

The Babylonian text Dialog of Pessimism contains similarities to the agonistic thought of the sophists, the Heraclitean doctrine of contrasts, and the dialogs of Plato, as well as a precursor to the maieutic Socratic method of Socrates.

In comparison, Socrates accepted no fee, instead professed a self-effacing posture, which he exemplified by Socratic questioning ( i. e. the Socratic method, although Diogenes Laertius wrote that Protagoras — a sophist — invented the " Socratic " method ).

The Socratic method ( also known as method of elenchus, elenctic method, Socratic irony, or Socratic debate ), named after the classical Greek philosopher Socrates, is a form of inquiry and debate between individuals with opposing viewpoints based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas.

The Socratic method is a negative method of hypothesis elimination, in that better hypotheses are found by steadily identifying and eliminating those that lead to contradictions.

In opposition to Schopenhauer, Nietzsche viewed tragedy as the art form of sensual acceptance of the terrors of reality and rejoicing in these terrors in love of fate ( amor fati ), and therefore as the antithesis to the Socratic Method, or the belief in the power of reason to unveil any and all of the mysteries of existence.

Philosophy entered literature in the dialogues of Plato, who converted the give and take of Socratic questioning into written form.

In his dialogues, Plato described the Socratic method, a form of inquiry and debate intended to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas.

Philosophy entered literature in the dialogues of Plato, who converted the give and take of Socratic questioning into written form.

Kohlberg proposed a form of “ Socratic ” moral education and reaffirmed Dewey ’ s idea that development should be the aim of education.

His philosophy has been characterized as Socratic in content and Platonic in form.

During the process, the therapist asks hypothetical questions in a form of therapeutic Socratic dialogue.

In the Symposium and Theatetus dialogues, Plato discusses the Socratic method, a form of inquiry and debate between individuals with opposing viewpoints based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas.

The Socratic method of questioning student responses may be used by a teacher to lead the student towards the truth without direct instruction, and also helps students to form logical conclusions.

This style of building up a picture wherein it becomes clear that praiseworthy virtues in their highest form, even virtues like courage, seem to require intellectual virtue, is a theme of discussion which Aristotle chooses to associate in the Nicomachean Ethics with Socrates, and indeed it is an approach we find portrayed in the Socratic dialogues of Plato.

While modified and reduced in form, the collegiate curriculum at the University of Chicago to this day reflects the Great Books and Socratic method championed by Hutchins ' Secular Perennialism.

* Method of elenchus, a form of debate that is the central technique of the Socratic method

He proposed a shorter, more active form of therapy which integrated elements from cognitive therapy practice ( such as goal setting and Socratic questioning ) into analytic practice.

Plato famously formalized < nowiki > the </ nowiki > Socratic elenctic style in prose — presenting Socrates as the curious questioner of some prominent Athenian interlocutor — in some of his early dialogues, such as Euthyphro and Ion, and the method is most commonly found within the so-called " Socratic dialogues ", which generally portray Socrates engaging in the method and questioning his fellow citizens about moral and epistemological issues.

The term Socratic questioning is used to describe a kind of questioning in which an original question is responded to as though it were an answer.

In Socratic Circles the students lead the discussion and questioning.

Socratic questioning is used to generate and help maintain the flow of the activity to help students connect the activity to their learning.

The questioning technique used generally emphasize a higher-level of questioning and thinking that have no single right answer that encourages discussion among the Socratic circle.

One hallmark of Socratic questioning is that typically there is more than one " correct " answer, and more often, no clear answer at all.

The tutor questions the students, often in a Socratic manner ( see Socratic questioning ).

* Socratic questioning

These skills — listening, recognizing each other's strengths, and supporting each other through difficulties — can apply equally well to an academic Socratic Method of questioning or problem-solving toward schoolwide improvement efforts.

Such recollection requires Socratic questioning, which according to Socrates is not teaching.

Cognitive Restructuring ( CR ) employs many strategies, such as Socratic questioning, thought recording and guided imagery and is used in many types of therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ), and rational emotive therapy ( RET ).

* Socratic questioning

* Socratic questioning

The employment of the Socratic method has some uniform features but can also be heavily influenced by the temperament of the teacher.

The fact that many conversations involving Socrates recounted by Plato and Xenophon end without having reached a firm conclusion, which is to say, aporetically, has stimulated debate over the meaning of the Socratic method.

The Philosophie der Griechen has been translated into English by S. F. Alleyne ( 2 vols, 1881 ) in sections: S. F. Alleyne, History of Greek Philosophy to the time of Socrates ( 1881 ); O. J. Reichel, Socrates and the Socratic Schools ( 1868 ; 2nd ed.

Besides military history, the Anabasis has found use as a tool for the teaching of classical philosophy ; the principles of leadership and government exhibited by the army can be seen as exemplifying Socratic philosophy.

Critics charge that the Socratic Method has fallen into disuse, and little debate occurs in law school classrooms, which are mostly lectures.

Behavioral therapy — in which a person systematically asks his own mind if the doubt has any real basis — uses rational, Socratic methods.

McLaughlin's role often resembles a professorial figure, asking follow-up questions and trying to elicit further responses from a panelist who thinks he or she has fully answered the question, as if McLaughlin were conducting a Socratic class at a university.

In an example of " Socratic irony ," Socrates states that Euthyphro obviously has a clear understanding of what is pious ( τὸ ὅσιον to hosion ) and impious ( τὸ ἀνόσιον to anosion ).

At the end of the dialogue, Euthyphro is forced to admit that each definition has been a failure, but rather than correct it, he makes the excuse that it is time for him to go, and Socrates ends the dialogue with a classic example of Socratic irony: since Euthyphro has been unable to come up with a definition that will stand on its own two feet, Euthyphro has failed to teach Socrates anything at all about piety, and so he has received no aid for his own defense at his own trial ( 15c ff.

Tempe Prep's philosophy includes small class size ( no classroom has more than 22 students ) and education using the Socratic method.

Another aspect, one which has been at the centre of philosophy's place in history, has more immediate application to daily life: the questions of ethics, which revolve upon what Grayling calls the great Socratic question, ' How should one live ?'.

Kyle's questioning of his own morals has been likened to engaging in the dialectical Socratic method of inquiry.