The emperors of Sui dynasty, Tang dynasty and early Song dynasty banned killing in Lunar calendar 1st, 5th, and 9th month.

Having gone through numerous changes over time, it now circulates as two distinct books: the Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders and the Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Casket, which were edited separately in the eleventh century, under the Song dynasty.

Some World-systems analysts contend capitalism first arose in Song dynasty China by following Kondratiev waves to their source.

Although the historical characters may have lived in an earlier period ( such as the Song or Tang dynasty ) most stories are written in the latter Ming or Qing period.

King Bu, supposed to be Yūryaku, sent an envoy to the emperor of Liu Song, a minor Chinese dynasty, in 478.

Bu sent messengers to the Song dynasty in 477 and 478 to ask for military support for protecting Baekje against the threat of Goguryeo.

Beginning in the 11th century, longer scrolls and books were produced using movable type printing making books widely available during the Song dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ).

Chinese dry-cured hams have been recorded in texts since prior to Song dynasty and used in myriad dishes.

After the fall of the Northern Song dynasty, and during the reign of the Jin ( Jurchen ) and Yuan ( Mongol ) dynasties in northern China, a common speech developed based on the dialects of the North China Plain around the capital, a language referred to as Old Mandarin.

From the middle and late Eastern Han to the early Wei and Jin dynasties, the net growth of ancient Chinese science and technology experienced a peak ( second only to that of the Northern Song dynasty )... Han studies of the Confucian classics, which for a long time had hindered the socialization of science, were declining.

This is evidenced by Qing dynasty poems such as Wuyi Tea Song ( Wuyi Chage ) and Tea Tale ( Chashuo ).

By the Song dynasty, addition of punctuation to texts by scholars to aid comprehension became common.

This was a reversal of the earlier Song dynasty policies, which had themselves overturned earlier policies in favor of more rigorous state control.

The Song dynasty ( c. 1000AD ) government supported multiple forms of social assistance programs, including the establishment of retirement homes, public clinics, and pauper's graveyards

He than solved the high order equation by Southern Song dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao's " Ling long kai fang " method published in Shùshū Jiǔzhāng (“ Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections ”) in 1247 ( more than 570 years before English mathematician William Horner's method using synthetic division ).

Southern Song dynasty.

Southern Song dynasty.

* 1127: The Northern Song dynasty loses power over northern China to the Jurchens of Manchuria.

Northern Song dynasty.

Northern Song dynasty.

* Lý dynasty forces under Lý Thường Kiệt defend Vietnam against invasion by Song Dynasty China.

* Lý dynasty Vietnamese troops hold invading Song Dynasty Chinese forces at the Battle of Như Nguyệt River and a truce is concluded.

Song Taizu, the founder of the Song dynasty.

In ancient China, large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Warring States ( 481 – 221 BC ), the longest one of that period being the Hong Gou ( Canal of the Wild Geese ), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei.

In 960, the Song Dynasty gained power over most of China and established its capital in Kaifeng ( later known as Bianjing ), starting a period of economic prosperity, while the Khitan Liao Dynasty ruled over Manchuria, present-day Mongolia, and parts of Northern China.

The Jin Dynasty took power over northern China and Kaifeng from the Song Dynasty, which moved its capital to Hangzhou ( 杭州 ).

In the ensuing years, China was divided between the Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and the Tangut Western Xia.

* Mote, Frederick W. Imperial China, 900 – 1800 Harvard University Press, 1999, 1, 136 pages, the authoritative treatment of the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties ;

After Confucius's resignation, he began a long journey or set of journeys around the small kingdoms of northeast and central China, traditionally including the states of Wei, Song, Chen, and Cai.

Outside Europe, the escapement mechanism had been known and used in medieval China, as the Song Dynasty horologist and engineer Su Song ( 1020 – 1101 ) incorporated it into his astronomical clock-tower of Kaifeng in 1088.

This also has a long history in China, with production believed to date back to the Song Dynasty.

The handheld pistol-and-trigger crossbow was invented in China in the 4th century BC ; it was written by the Song Dynasty scholars Zeng Gongliang, Ding Du, and Yang Weide in their book Wujing Zongyao ( 1044 AD ) that massed missile fire by crossbowmen was the most effective defense against enemy cavalry charges.

Emperor Yingzong of Song ordered Sima Guang and other scholars to begin compiling this universal history of China in 1065 and they presented it to his successor Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1084.

The book chronologically narrates the history of China from the Warring States period in 403 BCE to the beginning of the Song Dynasty in 959 CE.

Although this method of charting seems to have existed in China even prior to this publication and scientist, the greatest significance of the star maps by Su Song is that they represent the oldest existent star maps in printed form.

Handscroll detail of a China | Chinese percussionist playing a drum for a dancing woman, from a 12th century remake of Gu Hongzhong's 10th century originals, Song Dynasty.

The oldest confirmed written mention of dominoes in China comes from the Former Events in Wulin ( i. e. the capital Hangzhou ) written by the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 – 1368 ) author Zhou Mi ( 1232 – 1298 ), who listed " pupai " ( gambling plaques or dominoes ) as well as dice as items sold by peddlers during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song ( r. 1162 – 1189 ).

The enormous encyclopedic work in China of the Four Great Books of Song, compiled by the 11th century AD during the early Song Dynasty ( 960 – 1279 ), was a massive literary undertaking for the time.

There were many great encyclopedists throughout Chinese history, including the scientist and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) with his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, the statesman, inventor, and agronomist Wang Zhen ( active 1290 – 1333 ) with his Nong Shu of 1313, and the written Tiangong Kaiwu of Song Yingxing ( 1587 – 1666 ), the latter of whom was termed the " Diderot of China " by British historian Joseph Needham.

However, the concept pre-dates the naming of these establishments, as evidence suggests commercial food preparation may have existed during the age of the city of Pompeii, and urban sales of prepared foods may have existed in China during the Song Dynasty.

* 960 – The coronation of Zhao Kuangyin as Emperor Taizu of Song, initiating the Song Dynasty period of China that would last more than three centuries.

The Essentials was however written by a Song Dynasty court bureaucrat, and there's little evidence that it had any immediate impact on warfare ; there is no mention of gunpowder use in the chronicles of the wars against the Tanguts in the eleventh century, and China was otherwise mostly at peace during this century.