This discovery was made public in a BBC TV programme in 1999, reviving debate about Soviet links to CND.

Another German diplomatic historian, Wolfgang Michalka argued that there was a fourth alternative Nazi foreign policy programme, and that was Ribbentrop's concept of a Euro-Asiatic bloc comprising the four totalitarian states of Germany, the Soviet Union, Italy and Japan.

On the other side, several members were proclaiming anti-Soviet slogans as they accused the National Reconciliation programme to be supported and developed by the Soviet Union.

The programme also covered foreign policy, including both the maintenance of good relations with Western countries and cooperation with the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc nations.

Under Deng Xiaoping, the leadership of China embarked upon a programme of market-based reform that was more sweeping than had been Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika program of the late 1980s.

Single-stage-to-orbit has been achieved from the Moon by both the Apollo program's Lunar Module and several robotic spacecraft of the Soviet Luna programme ; the lower lunar gravity and absence of any significant atmosphere makes this much easier than from Earth.

* March 11 – The Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR programme, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union.

However, the programme was criticised by those who believed that Powell had dismissed the Soviet Union's threat to the West since 1945 and that he had been too impressed with Russia's sense of national identity.

* Exploring the Moon ( 1969-1976 )-a diary of significant events in Soviet lunar exploration, including those associated with the Lunokhod programme

* Don P. Mitchell's catalog of Soviet Moon Images including many from the Lunokhod programme

Once Barbarossa was completed with the destruction of the Soviet Union later in 1941, Raeder's " Mediterranean plan " would be executed in 1942 while German industry would focus on building the fleet envisioned in the Z Plan, that would, when complete, carry out Raeder's programme of trans-oceanic expansionism.

The Soyuz programme (,, meaning " Union ") is a human spaceflight programme that was initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.

It was the third Soviet human spaceflight programme after the Vostok and Voskhod programme.

Following the success of the Salyut programme, Mir represented the next stage in the Soviet Union's space station programme.

The station was launched as part of the Soviet Union's manned spaceflight programme effort to maintain a long-term research outpost in space, and, following the collapse of the USSR, was operated by the new Russian Federal Space Agency ( RKA ).

Luna 2 ( E-1A series ) was the second of the Soviet Union's Luna programme spacecraft launched to the Moon.

The Salyut programme (,, Salute or Fireworks ) was the first space station program undertaken by the Soviet Union, which consisted of a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years from 1971 to 1986.

Supporting the Soviet war effort was a significant element of Allied strategy, and significant aid was shipped to the USSR through the Lend-Lease programme.

And of course the Soviet threat was responsible for NATO, the grand alliance of the Atlantic nations.

It was not a part of any one of the three ( later four ) zones for occupation by Soviet, American, British, and French troops respectively.

For some time the Communists honored the distinction between the Soviet zone of Germany and the Soviet sector of Berlin by promulgating separately the laws for the two areas.

And there must be many Soviet citizens who know what is going on and who realize that before they can hope to enjoy the full life promised for 1980 they and their children must first survive.

He and other Soviet leaders responsible for the document were proud of having brought forward some new formulas, such as the early replacement of the dictatorship of the proletariat by an `` All People's State '', and also of having laid down the lines for a much greater `` democratization '' of the whole hierarchy of Soviets, starting with the Supreme Soviet itself.

Therefore, it is not only a question of honor but of life and death for the Soviet state ''.

If this attitude is seriously questioned in the Soviet Union, it does not necessarily follow that the majority of the society in which I live is too aware of the necessity for clarity on this ethical as well as aesthetic point of view.

my point is that where conflicts arise they must always be resolved in favor of achieving the indispensable condition for a tolerant world -- the absence of Soviet Communist power.

You may have misgivings about certain aspects of our military establishment -- I certainly do -- but you know any comparison of over-all American strength with over-all Soviet strength finds the United States not only superior, but so superior both in present weapons and in the development of new ones that our advantage promises to be a permanent feature of U.S.-Soviet relations for the foreseeable future.

I have often searched for a graphic way of impressing our superiority on those Americans who have doubts, and I think Mr. Jameson Campaigne has done it well in his new book American Might And Soviet Myth.

To the extent, then, that declining U.S. prestige means that other nations will be tempted to place their bets on an ultimate American defeat, and will thus be more vulnerable to Soviet intimidation, there is reason for concern.

Today Sukarno's government is heavily besieged by avowed Communists, and for all of its `` neutralist '' pretensions, it is a firm ally of Soviet policy.

Today the Nasser and Kassem governments are adamantly hostile to the West, are dependent for their military power on Soviet equipment and personnel ; ;

The Secretary of State has also solemnly repeated a warning to the Soviet Union that the United States will not stand for another setback in Berlin, an affirmation once again taken up by the council as a whole.

Former Vice-President Richard M. Nixon in Detroit called for a firmer and tougher policy toward the Soviet Union.

The U. S. and Soviet heads of Government have met three times since Sir Winston Churchill in 1953 introduced a new word into international diplomacy with his call for a fresh approach to the problem of peace `` at the summit of the nations ''.

At the same time, there was increased reason for a quick meeting lest the Soviet leader, as a result of those episodes, come to a dangerously erroneous conclusion about the West's ability and determination to resist Communist pressure.

Soviet Premier Khrushchev sent New Year's hopes for peace to President-elect Kennedy, and got a cool acknowledgment in reply.

Under Yakov Segal's direction, it begins stirringly, as crouching Soviet and Nazi troops silently scan each other, waiting for the first surrender gesture.

Cyrillic is one of the most widely used modern alphabetic scripts, and is notable for its use in Slavic languages and also for other languages within the former Soviet Union.

It ran from 1959 through 1963 with two goals: putting a human in orbit around the Earth, and doing it before the Soviet Union, as part of the early space race.

Gretzky would later remark that the Soviet National Team's practice drills, which impressed Canada in 1972, had nothing to offer him: " I'd been doing these drills since I was three.

They were already in the preparation stages for their invasion of the Soviet Union and were committed to doing so regardless of any action the Soviets took.

But while Gorbachev called for the end of Soviet management of Afghanistan, he could not resist doing some managing himself.

However, the Soviet Union was able to beat the U. S. in launching and testing the first armed SLBM, an R-13 that detonated in the Novaya Zemlya Test Range in the Arctic Ocean, doing so on October 20, 1961.

Vance argued for less emphasis on human rights in order to gain Soviet agreement to Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ( SALT ), whereas Brzezinski favored doing both at the same time.

In the same speech he credited Soviet Russia with doing the most to save the Jews:

China and Zaire shared a common goal in Central Africa, namely doing everything in their power to halt Soviet gains in the area.

A further 21, 000 personnel were with the Soviet troop contingent over the same period doing various white collar and blue collar jobs.

Just as he's losing hope of ever doing so, he sees a newspaper story about the U. S. playing host to visiting Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.

After the 1954 Guatemalan coup d ' état, CIA case officer Frank Wisner organised Operation PBHistory, meant to find and secure Árbenz government documents that might prove that the Soviet Union controlled Guatemala ; and, in so doing, PBHistory meant to provide usable intelligence regarding other Soviet connections and Communist personnel in Latin America.

The German Government and the Government of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics, being desirous of doing all in their power to promote the maintenance of general peace,

As he was doing so, Soviet ground troops approached.

Although a majority of experts agree that the psychiatrists who developed this concept did so under instructions from the Soviet secret service KGB and the Communist Party ( and understood what they were doing ), this seemed to many Soviet psychiatrists a logical explanation why someone would be willing to abandon his happiness, family, and career for a conviction so different from what most individuals believed ( or made themselves believe ).

Death rates for the German civilians doing forced labor in the Soviet Union ranged between 19 % – 39 %, depending on category.

To counter this potential source of Soviet influence, Kennan's solution was to direct economic aid and covert political help to Japan and Western Europe to revive Western governments and prop up international capitalism ; by doing so the U. S. would help to rebuild the balance of power.

Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev claim that Stone " assisted Soviet intelligence on a number of tasks, ranging from doing some talent spotting, acting as a courier by relaying information to other agents, and providing private journalist tidbits and data the KGB found interesting.

The authors of the Penal Code of 1810 had the option of reintroducing a law against male homosexuality ( as was eventually done in the Soviet Union ), but there is no evidence that they even considered doing so.

In doing so Aura bypassed the city council completely, reportedly because he feared the council would decide to buy the rolling stock from manufacturers in the Soviet Union instead.

The missile was the first Soviet missile equipped with solid fuel instead of liquid fuel, which meant that it could be launched once the order had given instead of wasting hours doing the dangerous work of pumping the missile with liquid fuel.

Related to this, he has argued that while a very crucial task of socialism will be to figure out how to transform the economy in order to employ, feed and house people and in general take care of society ’ s and people ’ s material requirements, and while doing all this continue to overcome the scars of the capitalist past, that a new dimension needs to be brought forward ( even as compared to the Soviet Union and China during the period when he considered them genuine revolutionary societies ) of what socialism will look like:

In the Soviet offensive of 1944 in the Karelian Isthmus, Finnish pilot Hans Wind shot down 30 enemy airplanes in 12 days and in doing so obtained " ace in a day " status five times.