Atahualpa instead demanded the return of every single thing the Spaniards had taken since they landed.

The trabajo susidario tax in many ways mirrored the colonial mita labor requirements demanded of Indians by Spaniards.

Atahualpa then demanded a full account of the presence of the Spaniards in his land.

In 1520, after the Castilian deputies had demanded in vain Charles V's return to Castile, regard for cortes ' rights and the administration of their economy by Spaniards, a " holy junta " was formed with Padilla as its head.

* 1572 – In the Eighty Years ' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Spaniards, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.

The British and the Dutch succeeded more often to break the monopoly of the Spaniards and Portuguese in Asia.

In 1566 William of Orange, a convert to Calvinism and the father of his people, started the Eighty Years ' War to liberate the Dutch from the Catholic Spaniards and the brutality of the Duke of Alba.

Most of these pirates were of English, Dutch and French origin, but occasionally Spaniards turned to piracy as well.

The Spaniards tried to drive them out of Tortuga, but the buccaneers were joined by many other French, Dutch and English and turned to piracy against Spanish shipping, generally using small craft to attack galleons in the vicinity of the Windward Passage.

According to a 2008 study by Dutch geneticist Manfred Kayser, French people based on a sample from Lyon, showed genetic similarities to all Europeans especially the Swiss, Germans, Austrians, Italians, and Spaniards.

They were mainly seeking more political power for themselves against the de facto government of Count Berlaymont, Granvelle and Viglius of Aytta, but also for the Dutch nobility and, ostensibly, for the Estates, and complained that too many Spaniards were involved in governing the Netherlands.

Ships that were needed to blockade the Dutch coast could not be used against the French, Americans and Spaniards in other theatres of war.

In 1622 he fought as a musketeer in the Dutch army under Maurice of Nassau against the Spaniards during the relief of Bergen-op-Zoom.

He served as a mercenary in the army of Henry IV of France against the Spaniards, fought for Dutch independence from the Spanish King Phillip II, then set off for the Mediterranean Sea.

They were friendly to the English, but Sir Thomas Gates either worried about safety ( including potential attack by the Spaniards and the Dutch ) or coveted their corn fields after the " starving time " of the 1609-10 winter.

The treaty of Munster, ending the long struggle between the Dutch and the Spaniards, was not actually signed until 30 January 1648, the illness and death of the stadtholder having caused a delay in the negotiations.

In the Eighty Years ' War ( 1568 – 1648 ) it was conquered by the Spaniards in 1581, but regained by the Dutch in 1592.

In 1648 he was at Münster during the meeting of the congress which ratified the treaty of peace between the Spaniards and the Dutch, and executed his celebrated little picture, painted upon copper, of the assembled plenipotentiaries -- a work which, along with the a portrait of a Man Standing, now represents the master in the national collection in London.

In 1642, the Dutch expelled the Spaniards from nearby Keelung.

The island was divided between the two powers: the Spaniards were allied with Tidore and the Dutch with their Ternaten allies.

There was mutual distrust between the Tidorese and the Spaniards but for the Tidorese the Spanish presence was helpful in resisting the incursions of the Ternateans and their ally, the Dutch, who had a fort on Ternate.

There have been other names placed on the island over the years before the Bay Islands were turned over to Honduras, the English the Dutch and the Spaniards modified the name to their liking.

Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, it was determined that the place was once called Guta de Leche, which was given by Dutch traders who operated a gold mine in Lahuy Island and who frequented the area to trade with the natives.

Also in 1566 William the Silent, a convert to Calvinism, started the Eighty Years ' War to liberate the Calvinist Dutch from the Catholic Spaniards.

The Spaniards were driven out by the Dutch in 1634.

The Spaniards and Filipinos defended the port with artillery fire and sank the Dutch flagship.

Subsequently the Dutch left with the Spaniards and Filipinos still maintaining control over the port.

This enraged Songtham who held the Dutch in great preference and ordered the attacks and seizures of all the Spaniards.

It was carried on by the Spaniards in the West Indies with great success, and actively at home.

However, based on more recent excavations on West Indian islands, it has become known that the animal must have been introduced by ceramic-making horticulturalists from South America to the Caribbean around 2500 BP, and it was present in the Ostionoid period, for example, on Puerto Rico, long before the advent of the Spaniards.

Kachina was the most widespread and practiced religion by the Pueblo two hundred years or so before the Spaniards came to the West.

There has been a true multicultural community in St. Martinville, with Cajuns, Creoles ( French coming via the French West Islands-Guadeloupe, Martinique and Santo Domingo ), French, Spaniards, Africans and African Americans.

" The work of Las Casas was first cited in English with the 1583 publication The Spanish Colonie, or Brief Chronicle of the Actes and Gestes of the Spaniards in the West Indies, at a time when England and Spain were preparing for war in the Netherlands.

The Battle of Glen Shiel ( Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Ghleann Seile ) was a battle in Glen Shiel, in the West Highlands of Scotland on 10 June 1719, between British government troops and an alliance of Jacobites and Spaniards, resulting in a victory for the government forces.

In 1687, Spaniards attempted to send Yamasees to the West Indes as slaves, so the tribe revolted against the Spanish missions and their Native allies, and the tribe moved into the British colony of the Province of South Carolina ( present day South Carolina ).

By 1886 the Spaniards claimed the Caroline Islands which were part of the Manila-based Spanish East Indies and began to exert political authority.

Lucius, apprised of the situation by his envoys, raises a heathen army of the East, composed of Spaniards and Saracens, as well as other enemies of the Christian world.

The burrokeet masquerade, associated with the South American mainland and Venezuelan Spaniards, has become linked with the " Sou-Marie " character that derives from East Indian culture brought to Trinidad by indentured labourers.

In the Philippines and East Timor, Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion ; it was introduced by the Spaniards and the Portuguese, respectively.

Scholars speculate that the total Araucanian population may have numbered 1 million at most when the Spaniards arrived in the 1530s ; a century of European conquest and disease reduced that number by at least half.

The Spaniards never subjugated the Mapuche territories ; various attempts at conquest, both by military and peaceful means, failed.

Cuitláhuac was made tlatoani of Tenochtitlan during the Spanish conquest of Mexico ; After Pedro de Alvarado had ordered the massacre in the Main Temple, the Aztecs were very upset and started to fight and put a siege to the Spaniards.

In 1589 the president of the audiencia recognized that many Spaniards were accepting grants only to sell them and undertake urban occupations, and he stopped distributing new lands to Spaniards ; however, the institution of the encomienda persisted until nearly the end of the colonial period.

Spaniards moved northwestward across the Chaco to found Santa Cruz in Bolivia ; eastward to occupy the rest of present-day Paraguay ; and southward along the river to refound Buenos Aires, which its defenders had abandoned in 1541 to move to Asunción.

* December 21 – Battle of Curalaba: The revolting Mapuche, led by cacique Pelentaru, inflict a major defeat on Spaniards troops in southern Chile ; all Spanish cities south of the Biobio river are eventually taken by the Mapuches, and all conquest of Mapuche territories by Europeans practically ceases, until the 1870s " Pacification of Araucania ".

On 5 January 1990, addressing Conservatives in Liverpool, Powell claimed that if the Conservatives played the " British card " at the next general election, they could win ; the new mood in Britain for " self-determination " had given the newly independent nations of Eastern Europe a " beacon ", adding that Britain should stand alone, if necessary, for European freedom, adding: " We are taunted –- by the French, by the Italians, by the Spaniards -– for refusing to worship at the shrine of a common government superimposed upon them all ... where were the European unity merchants in 1940?

In the late sixteenth-century, Philip II of Spain acquired many of Bosch's paintings, including some probably commissioned and collected by Spaniards active in Bosch's hometown ; as a result, the Prado Museum in Madrid now owns The Adoration of the Magi, The Garden of Earthly Delights, the tabletop painting of The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things, the The Haywain Triptych and The Stone Operation.

Before the Spaniards return, an English ship appears ; mutineers have commandeered the vessel and intend to maroon their captain on the island.

The Mexican government passed legislation on December 20, 1827 that mandated the expulsion of all Spaniards younger than sixty years of age from Mexican territories ; Governor Echeandía nevertheless intervened on behalf of some of the missionaries in order to prevent their deportation once the law of took effect in California.

The independence uprising was the first of a dozen similar incidents that took place in Alta California during the Mission Period ; however, most rebellions tended to be localized and short-lived due to the Spaniards ' superior weaponry ( native resistance more often took the form of non-cooperation ( in forced labor ), return to their homelands ( desertion of forced relocation ), and raids on mission livestock ).

The Mexican government passed legislation on December 20, 1827, that mandated the expulsion of all Spaniards younger than sixty years of age from Mexican territories ; Governor Echeandía nevertheless intervened on Barona's behalf in order to prevent his deportation once the law of took effect in California.

News of the apparition on Tepayac Hill spread quickly through Mexico ; and in the seven years that followed, 1532 through 1538, the Indian people accepted the Spaniards and 8 million people were converted to the Catholic faith.

The Spaniards, desperate and willing to fight until death, were able to eventually push the Indians back ; Valdivia and his troops made it back just in time to relieve the capital.

The Spaniards were never secure in Jolo, so by 1878, they had fortified Jolo with a perimeter wall and tower gates ; built inner forts called Puerta Blockaus, Puerta España, and Puerta Alfonso XII ; and two outer fortifications named Princesa de Asturias and Torre de la Reina.

Relations between the Spaniards and their hosts were uneasy, especially given Cortés ' repeated insistence that the Aztecs desist from idol worship and human sacrifice ; in order to ensure their own safety, the Spaniards took the Aztec king Moctezuma hostage.

Córdoba landed at several towns ; some greeted the Spanish with friendship and offered to trade goods with them ( the Spaniards acquired a few pieces of gold ornaments this way ).

Intervening between his studies of Tacitus and Sallust was his 1958 set of lectures, Colonial Elites, which compared the processes and results of colonisation by Romans in Spain, by Spaniards in Latin America, and by English settlers in New England ; on various grounds, Syme distinguished English colonisation of North America from its Roman and Spanish counterparts.

However, for men and women this differs slightly ; again for women virginity is regarded as important, even to the extent of publicly displaying the bloody sheet from the wedding night for some, an ancient Mediterranean custom brought by the Spaniards, while unmarried men are encouraged to experiment before they take a wife.

The Spanish caudillo, after listening to the opinion of the rest of generals, in agreement with him in spite of knowing to the retirement of the allied army from Talavera de la Reina towards Extremadura, had determined to attack the French 12 August to give rest to his troops ; but those were anticipated, appearing against the positions of the Spaniards to five and average in the morning of 11 August, with 26, 000 infantry, 4, 000 horses and 40 pieces of IV the Body to the control of Sebastiani, and of the one of Reserve to the orders of Dessolles and of Joseph Bonaparte in person.

The cost was high for the Spaniards: of the 307 men in the rearguard only 74 survived, caked with blood ; uniforms in tatters ; bayonets bent and blunted.