His Spanish possessions were ruled for him by his brother John, later king John II of Aragon.

Initially the source was Latin, later Gascon ( a branch of Occitan ) in the northeast, Navarro-Aragonese in the southeast and Spanish in the southwest.

Leuven fell on 25 May 1706 ; three days later, the Allies entered Brussels, the capital of the Spanish Netherlands.

The Great Uprising of 1598 swept all Spanish presence south of the Bío-Bío River except Chiloé ( and Valdivia which was decades later reestablished as a fort ), and the great river became the frontier line between Mapuche lands and the Spanish realm.

Columbus's strained relationship with the Spanish crown and its appointed colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and dismissal as governor of the settlements on the island of Hispaniola in 1500, and later to protracted litigation over the benefits which Columbus and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown.

With the arrival of the Europeans the Spaniards brought the horses, mules and donkey ( which developed into the Paso Fino ) used by them in ranching duties later in the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

Smith later taught himself French and Spanish in order to translate verse out of those languages.

Ironically, the rise of infantry in the early 16th century coincided with the " golden age " of heavy cavalry ; a French or Spanish army at the beginning of the century could have up to half its numbers made up of various kinds of light and heavy cavalry, whereas in earlier medieval and later 17th century armies the proportion of cavalry was seldom more than a quarter.

The Spanish tercio and later formations relegated cavalry to a supporting role.

Jose de Acosta, a Spanish Jesuit missionary who lived in Peru and then Mexico in the later 16th century, wrote of it:

Prior to the end of the slave trade and widespread abolition, when indigenous labour was unavailable, slaves were often imported to the Americas, first by the Spanish Empire, and later by the Dutch, French and British.

Diego de Almagro, ( c. 1475 – July 8, 1538 ), also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo ( The Elder ), was a Spanish conquistador and a companion and later rival of Francisco Pizarro.

Also during this time Almagro established a friendship with Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who during the time was in charge of Acla, with the intent of making a ship with the materials of the Espinosa expedition and later finish it in the " Great South Sea " as the Pacific Ocean first became known to the Spanish.

Francisco de Orellana, yet another lieutenant of Francisco Pizarro from the Spanish city of Trujillo, put down the native rebellion and in 1537 reestablished this city, which a century later would become one of Spain's principal ports in South America.

Two months later, the Junta approved a constitution for the state of Quito that provided for democratic governing institutions but also granted recognition to the authority of Ferdinand should he return to the Spanish throne.

The first solid body " Spanish " standard guitar was offered by Vivi-Tone no later than 1934.

He spent the three years at The Queen's College, Oxford after earning his bachelors as one of the university's first Rhodes Scholars, initially studying jurisprudence ( instead of science as a promise to his dying father ), and later added literature and Spanish, and earning his master's degree.

This brought his artistic talents to the attention of the Spanish monarchs who later would give him access to the royal court.

* 1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent – John Jervis, ( later 1st Earl of St Vincent ) and Horatio Nelson ( later 1st Viscount Nelson ) lead the British Royal Navy to victory over a Spanish fleet in action near Gibraltar.

Some speculate that the dish may have been invented in Spain, the first European country in which the potato appeared via the New World colonies, and assumes the first appearance to have been as an accompaniment to fish dishes in Galicia, from which it spread to the rest of the country and further to the Spanish Netherlands, which became Belgium more than a century later.

In the army, Capra caught the Spanish flu, and was later medically discharged to return home to live with his mother.

By the later stages of the Eighty Years War the Dutch had switched entirely from the heavier ships still used by the English and Spanish to the lighter frigates, carrying around 40 guns and weighing around 300 tons.

There, a new settlement was formed, being granted a council two years later ( 1706 ), with the name of San Roque, and being considered by the Spanish Crown as the heir to the lost town of Gibraltar ( historical objects and records predating 1704 were subsequently taken to San Roque where they remain to this day.

In Mexico as translations from English to Spanish applied to Mexico City, the word borough has resulted in a delegación ( delegation ), referring to the 16 administrative areas within the Mexican Federal District.

The Peraltas ' Rancho San Antonio continued after Alta California passed from Spanish to Mexican sovereignty after the Mexican War of Independence.

The tragic tale of the Mexican colony on Clipperton Island has been the subject of several novels, including Ivo Mansmann's Clipperton, Schicksale auf einer vergessenen Insel (" Clipperton, Destinies on a Forgotten Island "); ISBN 3-354-00709-5 ( in German, no English translation available ) and Colombian writer Laura Restrepo's La Isla de la Pasión in the Spanish language.

Some critics claim it is a shorterned form of " Mexicano " (" Mexican " in Spanish ).

The term " chicano " may have come from Mexican immigrants to the U. S. during the 1920s and 1930s, but by those originated from Chihuahua ( not the term " Chi -" hua-hua " when they came into Texas where the locals made fun of the way the Chihuahuan Mexicans, primarily indigenous rural peasants, spoke a " less common " dialect of Spanish ).

* Californio, Nuevomexicano ( New Mexican Spanish ) or Tejano / a.

The shared Spanish language, Catholic faith, close contact with their political homeland ( Mexico ) to the south, a history of labor segregation, ethnic exclusion and racial discrimination encourage a united Chicano or Mexican folkloric tradition in the United States.

In recent years, a growing Tex-Mex polka band trend from Mexican immigrants ( i. e. Conjunto or Norteño ) has influenced much of new Chicano folk music, especially in large market Spanish language radio stations and on television music video programs in the U. S. The band Quetzal is known for its political songs.

After the dissolution of Spanish authority, the former Captaincy General remained intact as part of the short-lived First Mexican Empire.

The name " coyote " is borrowed from Mexican Spanish coyote, ultimately derived from the Nahuatl word cóyotl.

Agustín de Iturbide, the general who helped secure Mexican independence from Spanish rule, was proclaimed Emperor Agustín I in 12 July 1822, but was overthrown by the Plan of Casa Mata the next year.

Conquered Guatemala was part of the Spanish Empire for approximately 300 years, when it became independent in 1821, when it was part of the Mexican Empire ( 1821 – 23 ) until becoming fully independent in the 1840s.

* 1811 – Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed by the Spanish in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.

* 1811 – Mexican War of Independence: In the Battle of Calderón Bridge, a heavily outnumbered Spanish force of 6, 000 troops defeats nearly 100, 000 Mexican revolutionaries.

Its European peoples, of ethnic French, Spanish and Mexican descent, were largely Catholic ; in addition, there was a large population of enslaved Africans made up of a high proportion of recent arrivals from Africa, as Spain had continued the international slave trade.

In recent years the term " urban regional " was coined to refer to Spanish rap performed over beats infused with the sounds and melodies from popular Mexican music styles such as banda, cumbia, norteño and others.

The U. S. Department of Transportation defines Hispanic as, " persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central or South American, or others Spanish or Portuguese culture or origin, regardless of race.

Listed below are the 28 categories tabulated in the 2000 United States Census: Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican Republic ; Central American: Costa Rican, Guatemalan, Honduran, Nicaraguan, Panamanian, Salvadoran, Other Central American ; South American: Argentinian, Bolivian, Chilean, Colombian, Ecuadorian, Paraguayan, Peruvian, Uruguayan, Venezuelan, Other South American ; Other Hispanic or Latino: Spaniard, Spanish, Spanish American, All other Hispanic or Latino.

La Malinche (; c. 1496 or c. 1505 – c. 1529 ), known also as Malinalli, Malintzin or Doña Marina, was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, acting as interpreter, advisor, lover, and intermediary for Hernán Cortés.

* Time Line of Mexican History –- A Pre-Columbian History timeline and a timeline of Mexico after the arrival of the Spanish.

The Spanish conquistadors brought cows, goats, and sheep to the New World, permanently changing Mexican dietary habits.

The large numbers of immigrants from the Middle East, Africa, Asia and Europe in Mexico have influenced Mexican cuisine as well, but the most influential is Spanish cuisine.