Spanish oppression and attempts to convert the Hopi caused the Hopi over time to become increasingly intolerant towards their occupiers.

British and Portuguese forces secured Portugal, using it as a secure position from which to launch campaigns against the French army while Spanish guerrilleros bled the occupiers.

The Counter-Reformation had firmly reattached the local population to Roman Catholicism, and they now distrusted the Calvinist Northerners even more than they loathed the Spanish occupiers.

Highly successful in fighting the German occupiers ( he took part in the battle of Madeleine and in the attack of the prison in Nîmes ), at the end of the War, he returned to Spain to work with Resistance groups ( Spanish Maquis ) to oust dictator, Francisco Franco.

Darija has a vocabulary mostly from Arabic, with significant Berber substrates, some loan-words from Berber and also from French and to some degree from Spanish and even Italian, the languages of the historical European occupiers of the Maghreb.

Napoleon soon embroiled himself and France in Spain's internal power struggles within its royal family, eventually leading to the Spanish populace turning on the French occupiers and the beginning of the Peninsular War.

During the civil war that raged in the Low Countries in the 16th century, one of the feudal lords of Melsen, Filips III van der Gracht, was decapitated in Ghent along with others for his rebellion against the Spanish occupiers.

Sicily's historical connections lie not just with mainland Italy, but also the ancient Greeks and more recent Normans, French, Spanish and the Maghreb ( Arab ) cultures and occupiers.

Apart from its scenery, the settlement is known for The Smith of Kochel " Schmied von Kochel ", who, according to legend, lead a Bavarian farmer rebellion against Austro-Hungarian occupiers at Sendling in the War of the Spanish Succession.

Darija has acquired the majority of its vocabulary from Berber ( Tamazight ) language, however it also includes significant overtones of Arabic as well as extensive borrowings from French, and to a lesser extent Castilian Spanish and even Italian ( primarily in Libya ) – the languages of the historical colonial occupiers of the Maghreb.

While the French occupation destroyed the Spanish administration, which fragmented into quarrelling provincial juntas ( in 1810, a reconstituted national government fortified itself in Cádiz ) and proved unable to recruit, train, or equip effective armies, Napoleon's failure to pacify the people of Spain allowed Spanish, British and Portuguese forces to secure Portugal and engage French forces on the frontiers while Spanish guerrilleros wore down the occupiers.

Its name comes from a famous Colombian general, Antonio Nariño, who took an active part in the independence war against the Spanish occupiers.

Shortly before 1951, Lewis Fry Richardson, in researching the possible effect of border lengths on the probability of war, noticed that the Portuguese reported their measured border with Spain to be 987 km, but the Spanish reported it as 1214 km.

In effect, the shorter the ruler, the longer the measured border ; thus, the Spanish and Portuguese geographers were using different-length rulers.

He seemed to be unaware or unconcerned about the mass killing effect of modern military weapons technology possessed by the Spanish.

One reason the language of Aquitaine is important is because Basque is the last surviving non-Indo-European language in western Europe and it has had some effect on the languages around it, including Spanish and, to a lesser extent, French.

After they were driven out of Taiwan by a combined Dutch and aboriginal force in 1642, the Spanish " had little effect on Taiwan's history ".

The style, known as Perpendicular, that evolved from this treatment is specific to England, although very similar to contemporary Spanish style in particular, and was employed to great effect through the 15th century and first half of the 16th as Renaissance styles were much slower to arrive in England than in Italy and France.

One effect of this attitude was to limit his influence on secular Spanish Jewry.

However, Sir George Booth gained control of Cheshire ; Charles II hoped that with Spanish support he could effect a landing, but none was forthcoming.

That effect has been variously interpreted ; Dale Brown points out an interpretation that, in inserting within the work a faded portrait of the king and queen hanging on the back wall, Velázquez has ingeniously prognosticated the fall of the Spanish empire that was to gain momentum following his death.

The English used them with great effect during the siege of Gibraltar, especially on September 13, 1782, when the French floating batteries were destroyed, together with a large part of the Spanish fleet.

The Historical Memory Law ( Spanish: Ley de Memoria Histórica ), which will take effect in December 2008, introduces temporary ( two-year ) changes to current Spanish nationality laws.

The brutality of the Spanish State had a profound and lasting effect on the young Durruti.

Car bombs can be seen as the remote descendants of the 16th Century Hellburners, explosive-loaded ships which were used to deadly effect by the besieged Dutch forces in Antwerpen against the besieging Spanish.

Due to the way the arts were then clandestinely practiced, one apparent effect of Spanish subjugation and disarmament of the civilian population was the evolution of unique and complex stick-based techniques in the Visayas and Luzon regions ( unlike Southern Mindanao which retains almost exclusively blade-oriented techniques as it was never fully conquered and disarmed by the Spaniards and Americans ).

The many reports of atrocities in the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939, published with great prominence in the world media, had the effect of causing a revival and reinforcing of " The Black Legend ".

The devastating effect of the Spanish flu in the city of Philadelphia, PA, USA

In Asia, the civil code of Spain would be enforced in its colony, the Philippines, and this would remain in effect even after the end of Spanish rule until the Philippines enacted its own Civil Code in 1950 after almost fifty years of U. S. rule.

The new gun was accepted for service almost immediately and was generally liked by the troops, and it was used to great effect by German soldiers assisting Nationalist Spain in the Spanish Civil War.

The technique is also frequently used in Spanish zarzuela, both in the 19th and 20th centuries, and continued also to be used as a " special effect " in opera, for instance Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten.

Originally, the Ohlone religion was shamanism, but in the years 1769 to 1833, the Spanish missions in California had a devastating effect on Ohlone culture.

The executions of Fr Mariano Gomez, Fr José Burgos, and Fr Jacinto Zamora ( collectively known as the Gomburza ) at the hands of Spanish authorities is said to have had a deep effect on Dr José Rizal and subsequently the 1896 Philippine Revolution.

While Spanish may have left a lasting mark on Chamorro vocabulary, as it did on many Philippine and South American languages, it had virtually no effect on Chamorro grammar.

Fireships were famously used to great effect by the English against the Spanish Armada during the Battle of Gravelines.

The blacks killed or enslaved the native males and married the females, and within a generation they constituted a population of zambos that resisted Spanish authority until the end of the century and afterwards managed to retain a great deal of political and cultural independence.

Outlaw Navajos ( called ladrones, Spanish for thieves ), as well as other Native Americans, and their neighboring New Mexicans, had raided, killed and enslaved each other since they had lived side by side during Spanish rule.

Its European peoples, of ethnic French, Spanish and Mexican descent, were largely Catholic ; in addition, there was a large population of enslaved Africans made up of a high proportion of recent arrivals from Africa, as Spain had continued the international slave trade.

Although European colonists, beginning with the Spanish, initially enslaved natives, the Dominican priest Bartolomé de las Casas helped convince the Spanish government to enact the first European law abolishing colonial slavery in 1542 ; Spain weakened these laws by 1545.

The First Atlantic system was the trade of enslaved Africans to, primarily, South American colonies of the Portuguese and Spanish empires ; it accounted for only slightly more than 3 % of all Atlantic slave trade.

While the Portuguese traded enslaved people themselves, the Spanish empire relied on the asiento system, awarding merchants ( mostly from other countries ) the license to trade enslaved people to their colonies.

The first enslaved Africans to reach what would become the US arrived in January 1526 as part of a Spanish attempt at colonizing South Carolina near Jamestown.

The enslaved people revolted and joined a nearby native population while the Spanish abandoned the colony altogether.

The Spanish, who came seeking wealth, enslaved the native population and rapidly drove them to near-extinction.

French, Spanish, enslaved Africans, and French-Canadians from Acadia expelled after the Seven Years War won by Great Britain, had all entered the area by the end of the 18th century.

The South owes its unique heritage to a variety of sources, including Native Americans ; early European settlements of Spanish, English, German, French, Scotch-Irish, and Scottish ; importation of hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans ; historic dependence on slave labor ; the presence of a large proportion of African Americans in the population ; and the aftermath of the Confederacy after the Civil War.

Instead, the Spanish sent many Caquetios to Hispaniola, where they were enslaved in the mines.

The first enslaved Africans arrived in what is now the United States as part of the San Miguel de Gualdape colony ( most likely located in the Winyah Bay area of present-day South Carolina ), founded by Spanish explorer Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón in 1526.

In the late 18th century, Omoa had a diverse population of Spanish, Indians ( mostly from central Honduras ), enslaved Africans ( the four contracts of royal slaves deployed to build and maintain the fort ), mulattos, and free blacks ( escaped English slaves, mostly from Belize ).

Free people of color developed as a separate class between the colonial French and Spanish and the enslaved black African workers.

In 1536, four survivors — Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Alonso del Castillo Maldonado, Andrés Dorantes de Carranza, and his enslaved Moor Estevanico — finally managed to rejoin Spanish countrymen in present-day Mexico.

With the abolition of slavery in 1888 and an attempt of Brazil's government to " bleach " its ethnic composition which was greatly formed by descendants of enslaved Africans, the government began attracting Europeans such as Italians, Spanish, and Germans, in Western Europe, and in the East Poles, Ukrainians, Lithuanians, and Russians by offering them lands.

This community originated from people formerly enslaved by the Spanish, who had refused to submit to British control.

Dark-skinned Spanish sailors who had been sold into slavery by a privateer, they contended they were full Spanish citizens and unfairly enslaved.

Since French and Spanish Catholics ruled the city, they encouraged enslaved Africans to adopt Christianity.