After his defection, Alcibiades claimed to the Spartans that the Athenians planned to use Sicily as a springboard for the conquest of all of Italy and Carthage, and to use the resources and soldiers from these new conquests to conquer the Peloponnese.

The Spartans, they claimed, had suffered a misfortune not through incapacity or overreaching, but through mere bad luck ; the Athenians should seize this opportunity to have peace with them on good terms.

In Herodotus's account, Miltiades is keen to attack the Persians ( despite knowing that the Spartans are coming to aid the Athenians ), but strangely, chooses to wait until his actual day of command to attack.

Instead, as a compromise, the Spartans ( an insignificant naval power ), in the person of Eurybiades were to command the naval forces.

In this battle, the Athenians drew the Spartan fleet out to pursue a small force led by Alcibiades ; when the Spartans had gotten a good distance from land, two squadrons under the command of Thrasybulus and Theramenes appeared in their rear to cut off their retreat.

In 407 BC, he was in command of a fleet sent to besiege Phocaea ; this siege had to be lifted, however, after the Spartans under Lysander defeated the main Athenian fleet at Notium.

* In punishment for his unauthorized action in the previous year of taking over Thebes, Phoebidas is relieved of his command, but the Spartans continue to hold Thebes.

The Athenians and their allies, with 14, 000 men under the command of Myronides, meet the Spartans at Battle of Tanagra.

Phoebidas, on his part, started making various raids into Theban territory using the Spartans under his command and Thespian conscripts.

In the meantime, the Spartans had sent Dorkis to Byzantium with a small force, to take command of the Allied force.

The Alcmaeonidae family, whom Peisistratus had exiled in 546 BC, had built a new temple at Delphi, then bribed the priestess to command the Spartans to help them overthrow Hippias.

The Spartans took this advice into consideration, and appointed Gylippus to command their fleet.

The Spartans then sent Teleutias to Aegina to command the fleet there.

In 373 BC Timotheus was appointed to the command of a fleet for the relief of Corcyra, then beleaguered by the Spartans.

The Spartans then attack a massive Covenant command station, the Unyielding Hierophant, thus delaying a Covenant assault on Earth.

In 385 BC the Spartans, seizing upon some frivolous pretexts, sent an expedition against Mantineia, in which Agesipolis undertook the command, after it had been declined by Agesilaus.

In 222 BC an Illyrian corps of 1600 fought with distinction under the command of Demetrius at Sellasia, where the Macedonians won a conclusive victory over the Spartans.

* 418 BC: The Spartans win a major victory over the Athenians in the Battle of Mantinea, the biggest land battle of the Peloponnesian War.

The Spartans, however, with the assistance of a Persian army, began to drive this Athenian force into the sea ; seeing this, Thrasybulus landed his own force to temporarily relieve pressure on Alcibiades, and meanwhile ordered Theramenes to join up with Athenian land forces nearby and bring them to reinforce the sailors and marines on the beach.

Thrasybulus and Alcibiades kept the Spartans occupied while Theramenes joined up with the nearby Athenian land forces and then hurried to the rescue ; his arrival precipitated a total Athenian victory, in which all the Spartan ships were captured.

Blockaded by land and sea, with their food supplies running low, the Athenians sent ambassadors to the Spartan king Agis, whose army was camped outside their walls, offering to join the Spartan alliance if they were allowed to keep their walls and port ; Agis, claiming that he had no power to negotiate, sent the ambassadors on to Sparta, but there they were told that, if they really wanted peace, they should bring the Spartans better proposals.

The Spartans, meanwhile, had 43 triremes and a large land army.

Demosthenes expected that the Spartans would hit the southwest corner of the peninsula where the defensive wall was the weakest and the land was most suitable for a landing.

The Spartans attacked where Demosthenes had expected, and the Athenians were faced with simultaneous assaults from land and sea.

The Spartans assaulted the Athenian fortifications on Pylos from both land and sea.

The Athenians replied that the land was now theirs and was now sacred to them, and that they held it in self-defense from the Boeotians, who were allies of the Spartans.

There the citizens worshipped the goddess in hope of a prosperous outcome in the long war fought on land and sea against the Spartans and their allies.

The Spartans and their allies had been invading Attica every year, burning, looting and vandalizing farm property with unusual ferocity in order to provoke the Athenians into a land battle that they couldn't win.

The Spartans objected to this, and Gelon then asked to be the commander of either the land or naval forces in exchange for his help.

On land, the Spartans achieved several early successes in major battles, but were unable to capitalize on their advantage, and the fighting soon became stalemated.

The events of 394 BC left the Spartans with the upper hand on land, but weak at sea.

The Spartans soon drove off the Athenian fleet, but the Athenians continued their land assault.

To support this new land division, Lycurgus was said to have divided the country all around Laconia into 30, 000 equal shares, and the part attached to the city of Sparta in particular into 9, 000 ; all shares were distributed among the Spartans.

Helots ( the population of the territories the Spartans had captured in their wars in Laconia ) were attached to the land, not to individual owners ; hence, all slaves were property of the state.

With advice from Alcibiades in 415 BCE, the former Athenian general wanted on Athenian charges of religious crimes, the Spartans and their allies, under Agis the Spartan king, fortified Decelea as a major military post in the later stage of the Peloponnesian War, giving them control of rural Attica and cutting off the primary land route for food imports.

The Spartans forced the Athenians to return their forces to the land.

At this time, Thebes controlled a majority of the votes in the council, and at the autumn meeting in 357 BC, the Thebans were able to have both the Phocians ( for the cultivation of the sacred land ) and the Spartans ( for occupying Thebes some 25 years previously ) denounced and fined.

The Spartans summoned forces from all of their allies, including Athens, to help them suppress the revolt.

In 480 BC a small force of Spartans, Thespians, and Thebans led by King Leonidas ( approximately 300 were full Spartiates, 700 were Thespians, and 400 were Thebans although these numbers do not reflect casualties incurred prior to the final battle ), made a legendary last stand at the Battle of Thermopylae against the massive Persian army, inflicting very high casualties on the Persian forces before finally being encircled.

The Roman forces including 2, 000 Spartans who just arrived are routed, Octavian takes refuge in the marsh.

The Spartans and Persians, overwhelmed by the arrival of multiple forces from several directions, were defeated and driven off, and the Athenians captured all the Spartan ships which were not destroyed.

Antigonus III's forces fail to pierce Cleomenes ' lines near Corinth, but a revolt against Cleomenes at Argos put the Spartans on the defensive.

* Macedonia's King Antigonus II Gonatas has to deal with a rebellion by an Athenian-led coalition of Spartans ( led by King Areus I of Sparta ), Athenians ( led by Chremonides ), Arcadians and Achaeans that tries to expel the Macedonian forces located in Greece.

* Athenian forces block the routes back to the Peloponnese, so the Spartans decide to remain in Boeotia and await the Athenian attack.

After Union troops entered Rhea in 1863, the Spartans may have engaged in some spying for Confederate forces.

Thermopylae is primarily known for the battle that took place there between the Greek forces including the 300 Spartans and the Persian forces, spawning the famous epitaph beginning with " Go tell the Spartans ".

The Spartans used battering rams in the Siege of Plataea in 429 BC, but it seems that the Greeks limited their use of siege engines to assault ladders, though Peloponnesian forces used something resembling flamethrowers.

Though the Athenians have at this time joined the Theban forces, they were still outnumbered by the Spartans ; their combined forces numbering only at 1, 700 cavalry, 12, 000 hoplites, and around 5, 000 light infantry.

Leaderless and encountering forces equal in discipline and training for the first time in the Sacred Band, the Spartans faltered and opened their ranks, expecting the Thebans to pass through and escape.

Thinking the Greeks in full retreat, Mardonius ordered his forces to pursue them, but the Greeks ( particularly the Spartans, Tegeans and Athenians ) halted and gave battle, routing the lightly armed Persian infantry and killing Mardonius.

For a time, Thrasybulus and Alcibiades were both driven back by superior forces, but the arrival of Theramenes and Chaereas turned the tide ; the Spartans and Persians were defeated, Mindarus was killed.

He was exiled sometime between 446 BC and 444 BC, charged by the Spartans with taking a bribe, probably from Pericles ( noted as " 10 talents necessary expenses " in Athens ' funds ), to withdraw from the plain of Eleusis in Attica after leading the Peloponnesian forces there following the revolts of Euboea and Megara from the Athenian empire.