Spirituals, on the other hand — those who obtain this great gift — are the only class that will eventually attain salvation.

Chronologically the second main group of Fraticelli were the Spirituals who fled from Tuscany to Sicily, and were surnamed at first the Rebellious Brothers and Apostates, but later the " Fraticelli de paupere vita ".

Bernay, who owned a small record store, was the former business manager of the magazine New Masses, which in 1938 and 39 had sponsored John H. Hammond's landmark From Spirituals to Swing Concert.

Conflicts with the secular clergy and with lay teachers in the universities led to accusations of hypocrisy with regard to the profession of poverty from outsiders, as well as from those members of the order formerly known as the Zelanti, but who then began to be referred to as the Spirituals, because of their association with the Age of the Spirit that the apocalyptic writer Joachim of Fiore had foretold would begin in 1260.

Clement V's successor, Pope John XXII was determined to suppress what he considered to be the excesses of the Spirituals, who contended eagerly for the view that Christ and his apostles had possessed absolutely nothing, either separately or jointly, and who were citing Exiit qui seminat in support of their view.

John XXIII determined to suppress what he considered to be the excesses of the Spirituals, who contended eagerly for the view that Christ and his apostles had possessed absolutely nothing, either separately or jointly On 26 March 1322, he removed the ban on discussion of Nicholas III's bull and commissioned experts to examine the idea of poverty based on belief that Christ and the apostles owned nothing.

Hammond, who had initially searched for Johnson in 1938 to include him on the bill for the first of his From Spirituals to Swing concerts, prodded Columbia to assemble this record during the height of the folk revival.

In the early years of the 14th century, the conflict between the Spirituals and the Conventual Franciscans came to a head.

One of the early nineteenth century traditional ' Negro Spirituals ' to use the phrase, is the following:

Spirituals were primarily expressions of religious faith, sung by slaves on southern plantations.

Spirituals ( or Negro spirituals ) are religious ( generally Christian ) songs that were created by enslaved African people in the United States.

Spirituals were not simply different versions of hymns or Bible stories, but rather a creative altering of the material ; new melodies and music, refashioned text, and stylistic differences helped to set apart the music as distinctly African-American.

But the differences were not fully adjusted nor was unity ever completely restored between the Spirituals and the main body of the order, the Community ( Fratres de Communitate ).

It is called " theoretical " to distinguish it from the " practical " controversy waged by the Spirituals relative to the practice of Franciscan poverty which they wished to observe, whereas the leaders in the present conflict were former members of the Relaxati party and sworn enemies of the Spirituals ( 1309 – 22 ).

Johnson's appearances at the Spirituals to Swing Concerts at Carnegie Hall in 1938 and 1939 were organized by his friend John Hammond, for whom he recorded a substantial series of solo and band sides in 1939.

Spirituals were also popular.

This was number 35 in Thomas Wentworth Higginson's collection of Negro Spirituals that appeared in the Atlantic Monthly of June, 1867, with a comment by Higginson reflecting on how such songs were composed ( i. e., whether the work of a single author or through what used to be called " communal composition "): Even of this last composition, however, we have only the approximate date and know nothing of the mode of composition.

Recordings made at the Spirituals to Swing concerts in 1938 and 1939 were finally released by Vanguard in 1959.

Thoroughly modern in treatment, they are at the same time, full of simple sincerity which invariably characterizes genuine Negro folk-music and are by no means to be confused with the average ' Broadway Spirituals ' which depend for their racial flavor upon sundry allusions to the ' Amen Corner ', ' judgement Day, ' Gabriel's Horn, and a frustrated devil -- with a few random hallelujahs thrown in for good measure.

* Sweet Chariot: The Story of the Spirituals, particularly their section on " Freedom " ( Web site maintained by The Spirituals Project at the University of Denver )

An exhaustive analysis of diaries, letters, and travelers ' journals from colonial times up to the Civil War, undertaken by Dena J. Epstein and detailed in her book Sinful Tunes and Spirituals, yielded a surprising number of references to slave music that was primarily percussive.

* The Franciscan Spirituals and the Capuchin Reform, by Thaddeus MacVicar, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1986.

Boogie-woogie gained further public attention in 1938 and 1939, thanks to the From Spirituals to Swing concerts in Carnegie Hall promoted by record producer John Hammond.

Research in Kodaly Envoy by Lum Chee-Hoo has found that sometime between 1922 and 1931, members of an organization called the Society for the Preservation of Spirituals collected a song from the South Carolina coast.

* White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands, by George Pullen Jackson ISBN 0-486-21425-7

* White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands, by George Pullen Jackson ( 1932 ), out of print but available in many libraries, offers a vivid account of how Lowell and Timothy Mason won the battle for their own kind of sacred music in the city of Cincinnati.

Managed by Arthur White, this ensemble toured the United States giving full concerts of African American Spirituals and folk songs until Warfield's death in 2002.

* White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands, by George Pullen Jackson, University of North Carolina Press, 1933.

* White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands, by George Pullen Jackson, University of North Carolina Press, 1933.

* White and Negro Spirituals, Their Lifespan and Kinship: Tracing 200 Years of Untrammeled Song Making and Singing Among Our Country Folk, with 116 Songs as Sung by Both Races.

* White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands, by George Pullen Jackson, pp. 331 – 335

* White Spirituals in the Southern Uplands, by George Pullen Jackson, University of North Carolina Press, 1933.

To support his 2001 independent debut album, Back Porch Spirituals, Fisher spent six months touring from Seattle, across Canada to Halifax, Nova Scotia by bicycle.

He became a disciple of Peter Olivi, a leading Spiritual, and later became leader of the Spirituals in Tuscany.

It must suffice here to note that in consequence of St. Francis's severe requirements concerning the practice of poverty, his followers divided into two branches, the Zelanti, or Spirituals, and the Relaxati, known later as the Conventuals.

The Spirituals espoused poverty as obligatory and insisted on a stricter interpretation of the Rule of St. Francis.

In the book, Ubertino identified Pope Boniface VIII, another opponent of the Spirituals, and Benedict XI as the first and second beast of the Apocalypse.

In 1324, Louis the Bavarian sided with the Spirituals and accused the Pope of heresy.

His performance at John Hammond's historic From Spirituals to Swing concert at Carnegie Hall in 1938 brought Lewis to public attention.

Broonzy's reputation grew and in 1938 he was asked to fill in for the recently deceased Robert Johnson at the John H. Hammond-produced From Spirituals to Swing concert at Carnegie Hall.

She appeared at John H. Hammond's " From Spirituals to Swing " concert in 1938, and recorded seven titles during 1938 – 1939.

Appearances in John Hammond's extravaganza " From Spirituals To Swing " later that year, at the Cotton Club and Café Society and with Cab Calloway and Benny Goodman made her even more popular.