Retracing my steps to the Mosque of Sultan Ahmet, only one with six minarets, I entered the courtyard, with a gallery supported by pointed arches running around it and a fountain in the middle.

Upon the death of his father, Selim I ( 1465 – 1520 ), Suleiman entered Constantinople and acceded to the throne as the tenth Ottoman Sultan.

After Sultan Hassan, Brunei entered a period of decline, due to internal battles over royal succession as well as the rising influences of European colonial powers in the region, that, among other things, disrupted traditional trading patterns, destroying the economic base of Brunei and many other Southeast Asian sultanates.

Isa Muhammad Effendi or Ustad Isa ( translation Master Isa ( Jesus in Arabic )) was a Persian architect from Iran he and his colleague Ismail Effendi entered the service of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan after the Ottoman Sultan Murad IV and the Mughals exchanged ambassadors.

He was especially respectful of Tanburi İzak Efendi, and it is recounted that the Sultan rose in respect when Tanburi İzak Efendi entered the court.

In 1795, the kings of Travancore and Cochin entered into tributary alliance with the British East Indian Company to repel the attacks from Tipu Sultan.

After the disaster of the Battle of Vaslui, the Sultan Mehmed II assembled a large army and entered Moldavia in June 1476.

In 1111, Sultan Malik Shah of Iconium entered Armenian territories, and two of the commanders of Leo ’ s brother were killed in battle.

In late 1888, Sultan Kenadid entered into a treaty with the Italians, making his Sultanate of Hobyo an Italian protectorate.

The restored Gate of Charisius or Adrianople Gate, where Sultan Mehmed II entered the city.

In 1840, Sultan Said bin Sultan moved his seat from Muscat, Oman, to Stone Town, which thus entered an era of quick development as the new capital of the Sultanate of Oman and Zanzibar.

Despite feeling considerable resentment over not being consulted over the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 ( Convention of St. Petersburg ), Afghanistan remained neutral during the First World War ( 1914 – 1918 ), resisting considerable pressure from the Ottoman Empire when it entered the conflict on the side of Imperial Germany and the Sultan ( the titular leader of Islam ) called for a jihad against the Allies.

The British, in defense of their own argument, insisted the covenant entered into by Overbeck and Dent with Sulu Sultan Hadji Mohammad Jamalul Kiram was a sale, not a lease.

Radu converted to Islam, entered the service of Sultan Murad II's son, Mehmed II ( later known as the Conqueror ), and was allowed into the Topkapı Palace.

This era ended when the Empire of Trebizond began paying tribute to the Ottoman Empire in 1456 and then the Ottoman army led by Sultan Mehmet II entered Trabzon in 1461.

Later during the Mysore invasion, Valluvanad was confined in area, and the Vellattiri sought asylum in Travancore. On the cessation of Malabar to the British by Tipu Sultan, Vellattiri entered into an agreement with the British, and became a pensioner.

In late 1888, Sultan Kenadid entered into a treaty with the Italians, making his realm an Italian protectorate.

Invited thus, Buwayhid Sultan Mu ' izz al-Daula entered Baghdad, and under the title of Amir al-Umara ( Amir of Amirs ) assumed the supreme command.

In 1111, Sultan Malik Shah of Iconium entered Armenian territories, and Toros ’ s two commanders were killed in battle.

Subsequently the Sultan Mahmud Khan fled before Tamerlane entered Delhi on December 18.

On 6 February 1819, Sultan Hussein Shah and the Temenggung of Johor, Abdul Rahman Sri Maharajah, entered into an agreement with Sir Stamford Raffles for the British East India Company ( EIC ) to establish a " factory " or trading post on the island of Singapore.

The FAM entered a new era of modernization and professionalism when His Royal Highness the Sultan of Pahang, Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, took over.

As the first Sultan of Egypt, Saladin established the Ayyubid dynasty, based in Cairo, and aligned Egypt with the Abbasids, who were based in Baghdad.

Ruling from Constantinople, Sultan Selim I relegated Egypt to a mere province, with Cairo as its capital.

In AD 1300, a massive earthquake loosened many of the outer casing stones, which were then carted away by Bahri Sultan An-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din al-Hasan in 1356 to build mosques and fortresses in nearby Cairo.

In 1838 agreement was reached with Sultan of Lahej to permit a coaling station at Aden, thereby allowing the journey time to the Far East ( via the Mediterranean, the Alexandria to Cairo overland crossing and the Red Sea ) to be roughly halved compared with the traditional South Atlantic route.

* The majority of the Great Pyramid of Giza's limestone casing stones are removed by Bahri Sultan An-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din al-Hasan to build fortresses and mosques in the nearby city of Cairo, leaving the first of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World in the step-stone condition in which it remains today.

* The Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan is completed in Cairo, Egypt.

** HIH Princess Fatma Neslişah Osmanoğlu Sultan ( Istanbul, Nişantaşı, Nişantaşı Palace, 4 February 1921 – 1 April 2012 ), married in Heliopolis Palace, Cairo, on 26 September 1940 to her cousin HE Damat HH Prince / HRH Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim Beyefendi ( Alexandria, Montaza Palace, 20 February 1899 – Istanbul, 1 / 2 December 1979, buried in Cairo ), Heir Apparent to the Throne of Egypt from 1899 to 1914, created HH in 1922, created HRH in 1952, Regent of Egypt from 1952 to 1953, and had issue.

He kept a friendly relationship with the Mamluk Sultan and his shadow Caliph in Cairo.

The College of Arts, one of the top 15 in the country, is an architectural heritage structure similar to Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan | College of Sultan Hassan in Cairo, Egypt.

Sultan Hassan Mosque ( left ) along with the later El Rifai Mosque ( right ) and two Ottoman mosques ( foreground ) – Cairo

When the Mongol Empire's troops of Hulagu Khan sacked Baghdad in 1258 and advanced towards Syria, Mamluk Emir Baibars (, Circassian: Bipars, a common Circassian name which means the frontier defending warrior ) left Damascus for Cairo where he was welcomed by Sultan Qutuz.

In retaliation, the Sultan Qalawun, of the Muslim Mamluks in Cairo, attacked and destroyed both Tripoli and Antioch, absorbing the territories back into the Islamic Empire in the late 13th century.

Upon receiving news of Hulagu's departure, Mamluk Sultan Qutuz quickly assembled a large army at Cairo and invaded Palestine.

Sultan Hassan Mosque in Cairo, Egypt.

** HIH Princess Fatma Neslişah Osmanoğlu Sultan ( Constantinople, Nişantaşı, Nişantaşı Palace, 4 February 1921 – 1 April 2012 ), married in Heliopolis Palace, Cairo, on 26 September 1940 to her cousin HE Damat HH Prince / HRH Prince Muhammad Abdel Moneim Beyefendi ( Alexandria, Montaza Palace, 20 February 1899 – Constantinople, 1 / 2 December 1979, buried in Cairo ), Heir Apparent to the Throne of Egypt from 1899 to 1914, created HH in 1922, created HRH in 1952, Regent of Egypt from 1952 to 1953, and had issue

** HIH Princess Zehra Hanzade Sultan ( Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, 12 September 1923 – Paris, 19 March 1998, buried on 26 March 1998 ), married in Cairo in September 1940 to HE Damat HH Prince Muhammed Ali Ibrahim Beyefendi ( Cairo, 29 April 1900 – Paris, 2 July 1977 ), and had issue:

** HIH Princess Necla Heybetullah Sultan ( Nice, 15 May 1926 – 16 October 2006 ), married in Cairo in February 1943 to HG Nabil Amr Ibrahim ( Cairo, 18 April 1903 – 1977 ), and had issue:

In 1389 Sultan Barquq was exiled to al-Karak were he gathered his supporters before returning to Cairo.

Idris died at the Sultan Palace in Dokki, Cairo in 1983, aged 94.

Meanwhile, Janus was humiliated in Cairo: they took him, tied up with chains and riding a donkey, in front of the Sultan, after which he was forced to kneel and worship nine times the soil on which he stepped.