The energy and angular momentum would then come from the Sun's orbit around the Milky Way.

This was the first red dwarf star to have its angular diameter measured, with the physical diameter being about 46 % of the Sun's radius.

Since Saturn has a large radius, the parallax of Earth between Saturn's center and its north or south pole would be about 9. 7 ", which is about 4. 5 times Earth's apparent angular diameter of 2. 2 ", or about 4. 5 % of the Sun's angular diameter ( about 3. 5 ').

Since Jupiter has a very large radius, the parallax of Venus between Jupiter's center and its north or south pole would be about 22 ", which is about 6 times Venus's apparent angular diameter of 3. 6 ", or about 5. 6 % of the Sun's angular diameter ( about 6. 5 ').

The eclipse magnitude is the fraction of the Sun's diameter that is covered by the Moon.

The Sun's photosphere is composed of convection cells called granules — cells of gas each approximately 1000 kilometers in diameter with hot rising gas in the center and cooler gas falling in the narrow spaces between them.

The mean duration of these events of 0. 2 seconds suggests a source of very small physical diameter in stellar terms: less than 0. 2 light-seconds or 5 % of the Sun's diameter.

* 900s ( decade ) – Ibn Yunus observes more than 10, 000 entries for the Sun's position for many years using a large astrolabe with a diameter of nearly 1. 4 metres

* 950 – 1000 — Ibn Yunus observes more than 10, 000 entries for the Sun's position for many years using a large astrolabe with a diameter of nearly 1. 4 metres

It has historically been read as stating that the angle subtended by the Sun's diameter is 2 degrees, but Archimedes states in The Sand Reckoner that Aristarchus had a value of ½ degree, which is much closer to the actual average value of 32 ' or 0. 53 degrees.

The Sun's photosphere is composed of convection cells called granules, rising columns of superheated ( 5800 ° C ) plasma averaging about 1000 kilometres in diameter.

It would appear 20 times the Sun's diameter and shine 20, 000 times brighter in the sky with an extremely powerful blue-white glow.

The word solstice is derived from the Latin sol ( sun ) and sistere ( to stand still ), because at the solstices, the Sun stands still in declination ; that is, the seasonal movement of the Sun's path ( as seen from Earth ) comes to a stop before reversing direction.

The component of the Sun's motion seen by an earthbound observer caused by the revolution of the tilted axis – which, keeping the same angle in space, is oriented toward or away from the Sun – is an observed daily increment ( and lateral offset ) of the elevation of the Sun at noon for approximately six months and observed daily decrement for the remaining six months.

False-color image of the Sun's corona as seen in extreme ultraviolet ( at 17. 1 nm ) by the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope

* 1637 — René Descartes quantitatively derives the angles at which primary and secondary rainbows are seen with respect to the angle of the Sun's elevation

They are also often seen underneath the cirrostratus and altostratus sheets that often precede a warm front as these higher clouds decrease the Sun's heat and therefore convection, causing any cumulus clouds to spread out into stratocumulus.

After the death of Sir Bobby Robson, The Sun's Bob Harris wrote how Robson told him: " My biggest disappointment was Dennis Wise, a director of football who was hardly seen at the ground, and who brought in players who were neither suitable, nor right, for Newcastle United.

A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars.

A transit of Venus across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars.

A transit of Mars across the Sun as seen from Jupiter takes place when the planet Mars passes directly between the Sun and Jupiter, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Jupiter.

A transit of Mercury across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Mercury passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars.

A transit of Mercury across the Sun as seen from Venus takes place when the planet Mercury passes directly between the Sun and Venus, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Venus.

A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Jupiter takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Jupiter, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Jupiter.

A transit of Jupiter across the Sun as seen from an outer planet ( Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune ) takes place when the planet Jupiter passes directly between the Sun and the outer planet, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on the outer planet.

A transit of Saturn across the Sun as seen from an outer planet ( Uranus or Neptune ) takes place when the planet Saturn passes directly between the Sun and the outer planet, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on the outer planet.

A transit of Deimos across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when Deimos passes directly between the Sun and a point on the surface of Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars.

A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Saturn takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Saturn, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Saturn.

A transit of Venus across the Sun as seen from Saturn takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and Saturn, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Saturn.

A transit of Mars across the Sun as seen from Saturn takes place when the planet Mars passes directly between the Sun and Saturn, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Saturn.

A transit of Mercury across the Sun as seen from Saturn takes place when the planet Mercury passes directly between the Sun and Saturn, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Saturn.

A transit of Phobos across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when Phobos passes directly between the Sun and a point on the surface of Mars, obscuring a large part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars.

A transit of Venus across the Sun as seen from Jupiter takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and Jupiter, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Jupiter.

A transit of Mercury across the Sun as seen from Jupiter takes place when the planet Mercury passes directly between the Sun and Jupiter, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Jupiter.

Because of the axial tilt of the Earth ( often known as the obliquity of the ecliptic ), the inclination of the Sun's trajectory in the sky ( as seen by an observer on Earth's surface ) varies over the course of the year.

The center column features a hole through which the North Star can be seen regardless of time, as well as a slot that is aligned with the Sun's solstices and equinoxes.

Finlay noted that the comet disappeared from view very suddenly, and no trace of it could be seen against the Sun's surface.

At opposition to or conjunction with the Sun, aberration is 20. 5 ″ while light-time correction varies from 4 ″ for Mercury to 0. 37 ″ for Neptune ( the Sun's light-time correction is less than 0. 03 ″).

It is a relatively close star at only 36. 7 light-years from Earth, and, together with Vega and Sirius, one of the most luminous stars in the Sun's neighborhood.

After Sun's death from cancer in 1925, one of his protégés, Chiang Kai-shek, seized control of the Kuomintang ( Nationalist Party or KMT ) and succeeded in bringing most of south and central China under its rule in a military campaign known as the Northern Expedition ( 1926 – 1927 ).

Chiang resigned from the office for one month in disagreement with Sun's extremely close cooperation with the Comintern, but returned at Sun's demand.

The exact mechanism by which the corona is heated is still the subject of some debate, but likely possibilities include induction by the Sun's magnetic field and sonic pressure waves from below ( the latter being less probable now that coronae are known to be present in massive, hot, highly magnetic stars ).

More exactly, they are long thin streamers that project outward from the Sun's north and south poles.

During a solar eclipse, the Moon can sometimes perfectly cover the Sun because its size is nearly the same as the Sun's when viewed from the Earth.

In the introduction to Newcomb's Tables of the Sun ( 1895 ) the basis of the tables ( p. 9 ) includes a formula for the Sun's mean longitude, at a time indicated by interval T ( in Julian centuries of 36525 mean solar days ) reckoned from Greenwich Mean Noon on 0 January 1900:

Reasons for the use of lunar measurements were practically based: the Moon moves against the background of stars about 13 times as fast as the Sun's corresponding rate of motion, and the accuracy of time determinations from lunar measurements is correspondingly greater.

* The incoming radiation from the Sun is mostly in the form of visible light and nearby wavelengths, largely in the range 0. 2 – 4 μm, corresponding to the Sun's radiative temperature of 6, 000 K. Almost half the radiation is in the form of " visible " light, which our eyes are adapted to use.

* In Amanda Sun's Paper Gods series ( beginning with INK, publishing from Harlequin TEEN in February 2013 ), the kami are paranormal creatures descended from Amaterasu and the other kami in the Shinto pantheon, who have the power to control ink and bring drawings to life.

The ozone layer absorbs 97 – 99 % of the Sun's medium-frequency ultraviolet light ( from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength ), which potentially damages exposed life forms on Earth.

A common example of such radiation is sunlight, which is thermal radiation from the Sun's photosphere and which contains enough ultraviolet light ( before being filtered by the Earth's atmosphere ) to cause ionization in many molecules and atoms.

Convection is inhibited at the puncture points ; the energy flux from the Sun's interior decreases ; and with it surface temperature.

Recent observations from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ) using sound waves traveling below the Sun's photosphere ( local helioseismology ) have been used to develop a three-dimensional image of the internal structure below sunspots ; these observations show that there is a powerful downdraft underneath each sunspot, forming a rotating vortex that concentrates the magnetic field.

Since the mid-1990s, starspot observations have been made using increasingly powerful techniques yielding more and more detail: photometry showed starspot growth and decay and showed cyclic behavior similar to the Sun's ; spectroscopy examined the structure of starspot regions by analyzing variations in spectral line splitting due to the Zeeman Effect ; Doppler imaging showed differential rotation of spots for several stars and distributions different from the Sun's ; spectral line analysis measured the temperature range of spots and the stellar surfaces.

In 1917, the astronomer Harlow Shapley was able to estimate the Sun's distance from the galactic centre based on the distribution of globular clusters ; previously the Sun's location within the Milky Way was by no means well established.

However, the slowdown of the Earth's rotation is not occurring fast enough for the rotation to lengthen to a month before other effects make this irrelevant: About 2. 1 billion years from now, the continual increase of the Sun's radiation will cause the Earth's oceans to vaporize, removing the bulk of the tidal friction and acceleration.